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. 2019 Feb 20;59(2):621–631. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01930-9

Table 2.

Biometric and plasmatic measures of rats supplemented with orange lyophilizate from the northern hemisphere or vehicle in long- and short-day photoperiods

VHLD ONLD VHSD ONSD
Weight (g) 386.5 ± 12.66 380.33 ± 11.33 370.33 ± 10.99 359,83 ± 8,68
Accumulated caloric intake (Kcal) 504.79 ± 11.67 480.64 ± 5.88 507.07 ± 0.43 492.15 ± 0,28
Fat (g) 55.64 ± 4.41 54.14 ± 3.67 45.06 ± 1.29 49,74 ± 4,01
Lean (g) 309.74 ± 8.96 305,24 ± 8,52 295.76 ± 8.19 284,49 ± 9,44
Fat (%) 14.38 ± 0.75 14,25 ± 0,8 12.52 ± 0.34 13,9 ± 1,19
Lean (%) 80.71 ± 0.67 80,54 ± 0,78 80.94 ± 1.04 79,26 ± 1
BAT (g) 0.35 ± 0.04 0,29 ± 0,038 0.47 ± 0.16 0,395 ± 0,13
EWAT (g) 12.02 ± 0.94 11,98 ± 0,89 9.65 ± 0.67 9,53 ± 0,93
MWAT (g) 8.04 ± 0.85 7.92 ± 0.62 6.53 ± 0.82 5.95 ± 0.62
IWAT (g) 5.82 ± 0.73 5.62 ± 0.63 4.52 ± 0.53 5.09 ± 0.6
RWAT (g) 10 ± 0.67a 9.9 ± 0.36a 8.52 ± 0.58b 8.93 ± 0.6ab
Adiposity index (%) 9.22 ± 0.49 9.29 ± 0.42 7.72 ± 0.47 8.21 ± 0.71
BAT (%) 0.092 ± 0.01 0.077 ± 0.011 0.086 ± 0.017 0.111 ± 0.036
EWAT (%) 3.09 ± 0.17 3.13 ± 0.16 2.6 ± 0.14 2.65 ± 0.26
MWAT (%) 2.06 ± 0.17 2,08 ± 0,15 1.74 ± 0.16 1.66 ± 0.19
IWAT (%) 1.5 ± 0.15 1.48 ± 0.16 1.25 ± 0.14 1.41 ± 0.16
RWAT (%) 2.58 ± 0.11 2.6 ± 0.05 2.41 ± 0.05 2.49 ± 0.18
Glucose (mmol/L) 8.65 ± 0.47 8.21 ± 0.15 7.83 ± 0.2 8.18 ± 0.39
Triglycerides (mg/dl) 142.06 ± 7.74 135.62 ± 8.41 197.9 ± 14.45 165.92 ± 19.86
Cholesterol (mmol/L) 4.73 ± 0.07 4.27 ± 0.09 4.06 ± 0.33 4.16 ± 0.25
NEFA (mg/dl) 22.49 ± 3.21 20.86 ± 2.91 23.34 ± 1.74 25.74 ± 2.25
Insulin (ng/ml) 5.54 ± 0.73 5.65 ± 0.08 4.04 ± 0.66 4.16 ± 0.32
Leptin (ng/ml) 18.56 ± 0.31 18.79 ± 1.52 16.59 ± 1.49 18 ± 2.75

Fischer 344 rats supplemented with orange lyophilizate from the northern hemisphere (ON) or vehicle (VH) in long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) photoperiods. The adiposity index was computed as the sum of EWAT, MWAT, IWAT and RWAT deposit weights and expressed as a percentage of total body weight. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM and the four groups were compared by one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) followed by Duncan’s new multiple range (MRT) post hoc test

BAT Interscapular brown adipose tissue, EWAT epididymal white adipose tissue, MWAT mesenteric white adipose tissue, IWAT inguinal white adipose tissue, RWAT retroperitoneal white adipose tissue