Table 1.

Fasting variables of the control and VDD group of offspring at different time points.

Variable	4w		8w		16w
	Control (n = 5)	VDD (n = 5)	Control (n = 5)	VDD (n = 5)	Control (n = 5)	VDD (n = 5)
TG (mmol/l)	2.57 ± 0.19	3.30 ± 0.27***	2.60 ± 0.09	2.91 ± 0.21	2.68 ± 0.16	3.10 ± 0.14*
HDL-C (mmol/l)	7.91 ± 0.43	6.59 ± 1.33	6.54 ± 0.75	4.9 ± 0.52*	5.9 ± 0.44	4.92 ± 0.51
INS (mU/L)	6.74 ± 0.34	8.08 ± 0.59**	6.89 ± 0.76	6.99 ± 0.15	6.26 ± 0.53	7.12 ± 0.46
FBG (mmol/l)	12.37 ± 0.85	11.38 ± 2.72	11.38 ± 0.45	15.16 ± 3.67	7.96 ± 2.31	15.69 ± 2.01***
HOMA-IR	3.7 ± 0.23	4.11 ± 1.18	3.49 ± 0.46	4.72 ± 1.18	2.20 ± 0.55	4.98 ± 0.79***
HOMA-S	0.27 ± 0.02	0.26 ± 0.06	0.29 ± 0.04	0.22 ± 0.06	0.48 ± 0.11	0.20 ± 0.03***
HOMA-β	15.33 ± 1.91	22.19 ± 6.98	17.48 ± 1.72	13.15 ± 4.69	33.42 ± 13.43	11.92 ± 1.99***
calcium (mmol/l)	2.53 ± 0.16	2.54 ± 0.18	2.41 ± 0.17	2.45 ± 0.21	2.47 ± 0.13	2.44 ± 0.16

FBG, fasting blood glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-S, insulin sensitivity; HOMA-β, β-cell function; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; n. Normally distributed data are presented as means ± SD; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control group.