Table 1.

Overall complication rate during lengthening

Study	Procedure	No. of patients	Period of study	Complication rate	No. of surgeons
Bukva et al. [38]	IEF or IEF& IA	73	14 years	83.6%	Single
Lascombes et al. [36]	Multiple	32	3 years	75%	Multiple
Lee et al. [68]	ISKD	35	2 years	74%	Single
	PRECICE 1	34	Not available	17.4%	Single
	PRECICE 2	64	Not available	50%	Single
Castelein and Decquer [39]		39	14 years	84%	Multiple
Reitenbach et al. [40]	TSF & IEF	43	16 years	TSF 12.1% IEF 50%	Multiple
Manggala et al. [41]	TSF & IEF	14	4 years	TSF 28.6% IEF 71.4%	Multiple
Guerreschi and Tsibidakis [43]	IEF	63	25 years	81%	Multiple
Novikov et al. [42]	IEF	138	23 years	37%	Multiple

IEF Ilizarov external fixator, IA intramedullary alignment, ISKD Intramedullary Skeletal Kinetic Distractor, TSF Taylor Spatial Frame