TABLE 1.
Combinations used to set-up and optimize wasted bread medium (WBM) production.
| Sample | Bread waste (%) |
Enzymes employed | Hydrolysis conditions |
Supplements added |
| M1 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | – |
| M2 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | – |
| M3 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Glucose (20 g/l) |
| M4 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Glucose (20 g/l) – Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M5 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 6 h | Glucose (20 g/l) – Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M6 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 12 h | Glucose (20 g/l) – Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M7 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 48 h | Glucose (20 g/l) – Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M8 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l), Amyloglucosidase (0.1 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M9 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l), Amyloglucosidase (0.1 g/l) – Veron PS (25 mg/100 kg of proteins) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M10 | 20 | Amyloglucosidase (0.1 g/l) – Veron PS (25 mg/100 kg of proteins) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M11 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l), Amyloglucosidase (0.1 g/l) – Veron PS (5 mg/l) | 30°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M12 | 20 | Amyloglucosidase (0.1 g/l) – Veron PS (5 mg/l) | 30°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M13 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Veron PS (5 mg/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M14 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M15 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (10 g/l) |
| M16 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (5 g/l) – Peptone (5 g/l) |
| M17 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (10 g/l) – Peptone (10 g/l) |
| M18 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (20 g/l) |
| M19 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Peptone (20 g/l) |
| M20 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Tryptone (20 g/l) |
| M21 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Meat extract (20 g/l) |
| M22 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | WPC (20 g/l) |
| M23 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | WPI (20 g/l) |
| M24 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (30 g/l) |
| M25 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Peptone (30 g/l) |
| M26 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Tryptone (30 g/l) |
| M27 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Meat extract (30 g/l) |
| M28 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | WPC (30 g/l) |
| M29 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | WPI (30 g/l) |
| M30 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (10 g/l) – Peptone (10 g/l) – Tryptone (10 g/l) |
| M31 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (10 g/l) – Peptone (10 g/l) – Meat extract (10 g/l) |
| M32 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (10 g/l) – Peptone (10 g/l) – WPC (10 g/L) |
| M33 | 20 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (10 g/l) – Peptone (10 g/l) – WPI (10 g/l) |
| M34 | 10 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (30 g/l) |
| M35 | 10 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Peptone (30 g/l) |
| M36 | 10 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Tryptone (30 g/l) |
| M37 | 10 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Meat extract (30 g/l) |
| M38 | 10 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (10 g/l) – Peptone (10 g/l) – WPC (10 g/l) |
| M39 | 10 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – Neutrase (0.5 g/l) | 55°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (10 g/l) – Peptone (10 g/l) – WPI (10 g/l) |
| M40 | 30 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – E1 (200 ppm) – E2 (200 ppm) | 37°C × 24 h | – |
| M41 | 50 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – E1 (200 ppm) – E2 (200 ppm) | 37°C × 24 h | – |
| M42 | 50 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – E1 (200 ppm) – E2 (200 ppm) | 37°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (5 g/l) |
| M43 | 50 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – E1 (200 ppm) – E2 (200 ppm) | 37°C × 24 h | Yeast extract (10 g/l) |
| M44 | 50 | Novamyl (0.5 g/l) – E1 (200 ppm) – E2 (200 ppm) | 37°C × 24 h | WPC (10 g/l) |