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. 2020 Feb 28;11:277. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00277

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Copyright © 2020 Takada, Roghanian, Murina, Dzhygyr, Murayama, Akanuma, Atkinson, Garcia-Pino and Hauryliuk.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Domain structure of ‘long’ ribosome-associated RSHs Rel and RelA. (A) The NTD region contains (p)ppGpp hydrolysis (HD) and (p)ppGpp synthesis (SYNTH) NTD domains. TGS (ThrRS, GTPase and SpoT), Helical, ZFD (Zinc Finger Domain) and RRM (RNA Recognition Motif) domains comprise the regulatory CTD region. Mutations and truncations of B. subtilis Rel and E. coli RelA used in this study are indicated above and below the domain schematics, respectively. (B) Conservation and structural environment of mutations in the TGS domain used in the current study. (C) Conservation and structural environment of mutations in the RRM domain used in the current study. The 3D structures are as per from Loveland and colleagues (Loveland et al., 2016), RDB accession number 5KPX.