Ultrastructural analysis of tubular and podocyte structure by transmission electron microscopy. (A) AFSC-infused proximal tubular BBMV shows regeneration efficiency and less damage compared with vehicle group kidneys. In vehicle group tissues show an irregular and poorly developed BBMV. Magnification: 6800 × . (B) Image of glomerulus in vehicle group kidneys, the pedicle of podocyte (1) irregular and loss most of the areas, the diaphragm between the pedicles of podocytes (2) and more cellular damage when compared with AFSC-infused kidney. (3) Distance between the glomerulus and the basement membrane. AFSC-injected kidney shows less damage on pedicles of podocytes, and diaphragm between the pedicles of podocytes is normal. Magnification: 13,000 × . Quantification of podocyte injury score: Podocytes show significantly higher degree of damage in control (vehicle) group compared with AFSC-induced kidney. (C) Each data point is a mean ± SD of four values. *Statistical significance (p < 0.01) compared with vehicle group. BBMV, brush-border microvilli. Color images are available online.