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. 2020 Feb;179:68–75. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.09.010

Selection criteria for the different groups of women.

Pregnant women Lactating women Non-pregnant, non-lactating women Adolescent women
  • In the 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy

  • Adult (≥18 years)

  • Biological mothers of up to 6-month-old living children

  • Ever breastfed the last born child

  • Adult (≥18 years)

  • Mothers who have had at least one live birth and intend to have another child

  • Adult (≥18 years)

  • Between 15 and 17 years old (married or unmarried), lowest age encountered in the sample was 15 years

  • Non-pregnant and non-lactating