Table 3.
Comparison of clinical features in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis based on serum systemic autoantibodies status.
| Characteristics | Serum autoantibodies positive (n = 9) | Serum autoantibodies negative (n = 30) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| F/M | 6: 3 | 13: 17 | 0.273 |
| Age (mean ± SD, years) | 30.0 ± 16.2 | 27.0 ± 11.7 | 0.538 |
| Patients with ovarian teratoma, n (%) | 4 (44.4) | 6 (20.0) | 0.299 |
| Clinical presentation at onset, n (%) | |||
| Epileptic seizures | 6 (66.7) | 15 (50) | 0.464 |
| Behavioral and psychiatric disturbances | 7 (77.8) | 22 (73.3) | 1 |
| Consciousness disturbance | 8 (88.9) | 12 (40) | 0.02 |
| Short-term memory deficits | 1 (11.1) | 8 (26.7) | 0.654 |
| Brain lesions on MRI, n (%) | 3 (33.3) | 11 (36.7) | 0.855 |
| CSF abnormalities, n (%) | 7 (77.8) | 18 (60.0) | 0.445 |
| CSF NMDAR antibody, median (range) | 1:32 (1:1–1:320) | 1:64 (1:10–1:320) | 0.476 |
| mRS on admission, median (range) | 4 (1–5) | 4 (1–5) | 0.48 |
| Time from onset to hospitalization, days | 20 (1–60) | 15 (4–120) | 0.611 |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 26 (15–84) | 26 (10–108) | 0.987 |
| mRS < 2 at discharge, n (%) | 5 (55.6) | 26 (86.7) | 0.043 |
| First-line treatment, n (%) | 5 (55.6) | 19 (63.3) | 0.711 |
| First-line combined with second-line treatment, n (%) | 4 (44.4) | 11 (36.7) | 0.711 |
| Follow-up, months | 8 (3–48) | 10 (3–48) | 0.588 |
| Follow-up CSF NMDAR antibody, median (range) | 1:10 (0–1:10) | 1:1 (0–1:100) | 0.883 |
CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; F, female; M, male; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; SD, standard deviation.