FIGURE 1.
Transitions between human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) states. Human embryonic stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst or through nuclear reprogramming traditionally display a primed state associated with bivalent metabolism using both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Methods have now been developed to derive naïve PSCs (t2iLGö ± Y, RSeT) or to transition cells from the primed to naïve state (5i/L/AF, or Klf4, Nanog, 2i/L), resulting in a transition from bivalent metabolism to nearly exclusively glycolysis. These metabolic preferences reflect those of the related stage during embryonic development.