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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2020 Jan 18;105:106322. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106322

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Direct Paths among Study Variables

Note. In this model, the a path represents the association between the predictor (PTSD symptoms) and mediator (positive emotional intensity and positive emotional avoidance) variables and the b path represents the association between the mediators and outcome (alcohol misuse) variables. The total effect (c path) refers to the association between PTSD symptoms and alcohol misuse without controlling for mediators. The direct effect (c’ path) is the relation between PTSD symptoms and alcohol misuse after controlling for the effect of the mediators. The specific indirect effects reflect the influence of a specific mediator on the relation between PTSD symptoms and alcohol misuse, and the total indirect effect is the sum of the specific indirect effects. This model estimated two simple specific indirect effects (PTSD symptoms → positive emotional intensity → alcohol misuse and PTSD symptoms → positive emotional avoidance → alcohol misuse) and one serial indirect effect (PTSD symptoms → positive emotional intensity → positive emotional avoidance → alcohol misuse). *represent significant results at p < .05.