Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics Split by Baseline CKD stages and Overall
|
Total n = 5796 |
CKD stages based on eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | P-value* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Stage 4 n = 19 |
Stage 3b n = 786 |
Stage 3a n = 2306 |
Stage 1 and 2 n = 2685 |
|||
| Age (years) | 75.3 ± 3.3 | 77.4 ± 3.1 | 76.8 ± 3.4 | 75.3 ± 3.3 | 74.9 ± 3.2 | < 0.001 |
| Male gender | 2799 (48.3) | 0 | 223 (28.4) | 1029 (44.6) | 1547 (57.6) | < 0.001 |
| Education (years) | 15.1 ± 2.0 | 15.1 ± 1.8 | 14.8 ± 1.6 | 15.0 ± 1.8 | 15.4 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 |
| History of hypertension | 3585 (61.9) | 18 (94.7) | 568 (72.3) | 1471 (63.8) | 1528 (56.9) | < 0.001 |
| History of diabetes | 622 (10.7) | 1 (5.3) | 68 (8.7) | 221 (9.6) | 332 (12.4) | 0.002 |
| History of vascular disease | 2561 (44.2) | 7 (36.8) | 400 (50.9) | 1062 (46.1) | 1092 (40.7) | < 0.001 |
| History of stroke or TIA | 647 (11.2) | 1 (5.3) | 86 (10.9) | 271 (11.8) | 289 (10.8) | 0.584 |
| Current smoker | 1558 (26.9) | 4 (21.1) | 131 (16.7) | 558 (24.2) | 865 (32.2) | < 0.001 |
| Number of medications | 3.6 ± 2.3 | 5.2 ± 2.8 | 4.5 ± 2.3 | 3.7 ± 2.3 | 3.2 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 154.7 ± 21.8 | 156.1 ± 27.3 | 154.8 ± 22.2 | 154.6 ± 21.5 | 154.6 ± 22.0 | 0.728 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 83.8 ± 11.4 | 82.5 ± 11.2 | 83.1 ± 10.7 | 83.6 ± 11.4 | 84.1 ± 11.6 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 ± 4.2 | 26.6 ± 3.8 | 27.6 ± 4.4 | 26.8 ± 4.2 | 26.6 ± 4.1 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 3.79 ± 0.80 | 4.06 ± 0.93 | 3.92 ± 0.81 | 3.85 ± 0.81 | 3.71 ± 0.78 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.28 ± 0.35 | 1.29 ± 0.38 | 1.25 ± 0.34 | 1.28 ± 0.35 | 1.29 ± 0.35 | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.68 ± 0.91 | 6.02 ± 1.03 | 5.88 ± 0.94 | 5.74 ± 0.87 | 5.57 ± 0.87 | < 0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 1.54 ± 0.70 | 1.85 ± 0.74 | 1.76 ± 0.77 | 1.57 ± 0.69 | 1.46 ± 0.68 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.5 ± 1.4 | 5.13 ± 0.94 | 5.56 ± 1.40 | 5.50 ± 1.31 | 5.4 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
| CRP at 6 months (mg/l) | 2.3 [1.1–4.5] | 4.2 [2.1–10.1] | 2.8 [1.4–5.7] | 2.3 [1.1–4.6] | 2.1 [1.0–4.1] | < 0.001 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 6.3 ± 1.8 | 10.5 ± 1.8 | 7.9 ± 2.3 | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |
| Hb (mmol/L) | 8.7 ± 0.8 | 8.4 ± 0.7 | 8.4 ± 0.8 | 8.7 ± 0.8 | 8.8 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
| NT-proBNP at 6 months (ng/l) | 148.7 [79.5–289.3] | 417.0 [283.9–789.0] | 230.2 [122.1–489.1] | 151.5 [81.4–293.9] | 127.6 [70.0–238.8] | < 0.001 |
| Troponin at 6 months (μg/l) | 0.010 ± 0.036 | 0.016 ± 0.010 | 0.013 ± 0.017 | 0.010 ± 0.042 | 0.010 ± 0.036 | < 0.001 |
All values are presented as n (%), mean ± SD or median [IQR]. * p-values of categorical data were assessed using the chi-square test and p-values of the continuous data were assessed using an one-way ANOVA test or a Kruskal-Wallis test. Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, CKD Chronic kidney disease, CRP C-reactive protein, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, Hb Haemoglobin, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, SBP Systolic blood pressure, SD Standard deviation, TIA Transient ischemic attack