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. 2020 Mar 6;21:65. doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-1325-2

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© The Author(s). 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Effect of melatonin and ramelteon on lung pathology. a Hematoxylin and eosin staining analysis of lung pathological injury. Representative photomicrographs were taken at a magnification of × 400. b The numbers of neutrophils per high-power field (× 400 magnification), and c lung injury score. Histological evaluation of lung tissues showed that neutrophil infiltration and the lung injury score were increased in the VILI group. Melatonin or ramelteon treatment significantly attenuated these histopathological changes, but the protective effect of melatonin and ramelteon was abrogated by luzindole treatment. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 6 per group). *Significantly different from the control (p < 0.05); #significantly different from the VILI group (p < 0.05)