Table 3.
Summary of annual costs and healthcare utilization.
| Cost category | Resource utilization metric | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1-A (n = 11,672) |
1-B (n = 47,090) |
2 (n = 60,307) |
3 (n = 139,330) |
All children (N = 258,399) |
||
| A. All 2014 costs |
Annual cost per child (USD) | $4,709 | $2,251 | $1,799 | $786 | $1,467 |
| Percentage of children with costs (%) | 96.8% | 96.3% | 96.2% | 87.9% | 91.8% | |
| B. Inpatient costs (including ER) |
Annual cost per child (USD) | $1,594 | $656 | $294 | $88 | $307 |
| Percentage of children with costs (%) | 6.1% | 3.8% | 2.8% | 1.1% | 2.2% | |
| Admissions for children with costs (# Visits) | 1.49 | 1.26 | 1.20 | 1.08 | 1.22 | |
| Cost per admission for children with costs (USD) | $17,457 | $13,668 | $8,746 | $7,595 | $11,411 | |
| Length of stay (Days) | 5.1 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.0 | |
| C. Outpatient costs (Office) | Annual cost per child (USD) | $560 | $389 | $329 | $181 | $271 |
| Percentage of children with costs (%) | 88.9% | 88.0% | 85.6% | 70.9% | 78.3% | |
| Visits for children with costs (# Visits) | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 3.9 | |
| Cost per visit for children with costs (USD) | $120 | $93 | $87 | $81 | $88 | |
| Outpatient costs (ER) | Annual cost per child (USD) | $238 | $197 | $197 | $108 | $151 |
| Percentage of children with costs (%) | 54.5% | 52.0% | 50.5% | 37.1% | 43.7% | |
| Visits for children with costs (# Visits) | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2.0 | |
| Cost per visit for children with costs (USD) | $185 | $169 | $178 | $161 | $169 | |
| D. Prescription costs | Annual cost per child (USD) | $1,370 | $437 | $541 | $177 | $363 |
| E. Other costs | Annual cost per subject (USD) | $947 | $572 | $437 | $232 | $374 |
(All monetary values (“costs”) used for analysis are the dollar amount of paid claims, as paid by PFK. “Children with costs” is used here to describe children from each category that acquired healthcare costs in the year 2014; that is, children without costs were excluded from analyses where noted. Mean values are reported. Underlined values denote non-significance between the pair; means that do not share an underline are significantly different from each other at a level of p < 0.05. The Games & Howell procedure was used for pairwise comparisons. USD, United States dollars.