Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the included studies.
| No. | References | Study name (NCT number) | Drug name (PD-1/PD-L1) | Treatment regimen | Number of evaluable patients | Previous therapy | Phase | Randomized controlled trial (RCT) | Tumor type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rini et al. (11) | IMmotion151 (NCT02420821) |
Atezolizumab (PD-L1) | Atezolizumab + Bevacizumab vs. Sunitinib | 897 | No | III | Yes | Renal Cell Carcinoma |
| 2 | Mok et al. (12) | KEYNOTE-042 (NCT02220894) |
Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | Pembrolizumab vs. Chemotherapy | 1,241 | No | III | Yes | NSCLC |
| 3 | Hodi et al. (13) | CheckMate 067 (NCT01844505) |
Nivolumab (PD-1) | Nivolumab + Ipilimumab vs. Nivolumab or Ipilimumab | 937 | No | III | Yes | Advanced Melanoma |
| 4 | Cohen et al. (14) | KEYNOTE-040 (NCT02252042) |
Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | Pembrolizumab vs. (Methotrexate, Docetaxel, or Cetuximab) | 480 | Yes | III | Yes | Head-and-neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
| 5 | Schmid et al. (15) | IMpassion130 (NCT02425891) |
Atezolizumab (PD-L1) | Atezolizumab + Nab-paclitaxel vs. Placeo + Nab-paclitaxel | 890 | No | III | Yes | Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
| 6 | Horn et al. (16) | IMpower133 (NCT02763579) |
Atezolizumab (PD-L1) | Atezolizumab + Carboplatin + Etoposide vs. Placebo + Carboplatin + Etoposide | 394 | No | III | Yes | SCLC |
| 7 | Socinski et al. (17) | IMpower150 (NCT02366143) |
Atezolizumab (PD-L1) | Atezolizumab + BCP vs. Placeo + BCP | 787 | No | III | Yes | Metastatic non-squamous NSCLC |
| 8 | Paz-Ares et al. (18) | KEYNOTE-407 (NCT02775435) |
Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | Pembrolizumab + Carboplatin + Paclitaxel vs. Placebo + Carboplatin + Paclitaxel | 558 | No | III | Yes | Metastatic squamous NSCLC |
| 9 | Barlesi et al. (19) | JAVELIN Lung 200 (NCT02395172) |
Avelumab (PD-L1) | Avelumab vs. Docetaxel | 792 | Yes | III | Yes | Advanced NSCLC |
| 10 | Shitara et al. (20) | KEYNOTE-061 (NCT02370498) |
Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | Pembrolizumab vs. Paclitaxel | 570 | Yes | III | Yes | Advanced Gastric or gastro-esophageal Junction Cancer |
| 11 | Hida et al. (21) | NCT02008227 | Atezolizumab (PD-L1) | Atezolizumab vs. Docetaxel | 101 | Yes | III | Yes | Locally Advanced/Metastatic NSCLC |
| 12 | Eggermont et al. (22) | NCT02362594 | Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | Pembrolizumab vs. Placebo | 1,009 | No | III | Yes | Completely resected stage III Melanoma |
| 13 | Kang et al. (23) | ONO-4538-12, ATTRACTION-2 (NCT02267343) |
Nivolumab (PD-1) | Nivolumab vs. Placebo | 491 | Yes | III | Yes | Advanced Gastric or Gastro-esophageal Junction Cancer |
| 14 | Wolchok et al. (24) | CheckMate 067 (NCT01844505) |
Nivolumab (PD-1) | Nivolumab vs. Ipilimumab or Nivolumab + Ipilimumab | 937 | No | III | Yes | Advanced Melanoma |
| 15 | Schachter et al. (25) | KEYNOTE-006 (NCT01866319) |
Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | Pembrolizumab vs. Ipilimumab | 811 | No | III | Yes | Advanced Melanoma |
| 16 | Bellmunt et al. (26) | KEYNOTE-045 (NCT02256436) |
Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | Pembrolizumab vs. Chemotherapy | 521 | Yes | III | Yes | Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma |
| 17 | Reck et al. (27) | KEYNOTE-024 (NCT02142738) |
Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | Pembrolizumab vs. Chemotherapy | 304 | No | III | Yes | PD-L1-Positive NSCLC |
| 18 | Ferris et al. (28) | CheckMate 141 (NCT02105636) |
Nivolumab (PD-1) | Nivolumab vs. (Methotrexate, Docetaxel, or Cetuximab) | 347 | Yes | III | Yes | Recurrent Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck |
| 19 | Antonia et al. (29) | CheckMate 032 (NCT01928394) |
Nivolumab (PD-1) | Nivolumab vs. Nivolumab + Ipilimumab | 213 | Yes | I/II | N/A | Recurrent SCLC |
| 20 | Herbst et al. (30) | KEYNOTE-010 (NCT01905657) |
Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | Pembrolizumab vs. Docetaxel | 991 | Yes | II/III | Yes | Advanced NSCLC |
| 21 | Hodi et al. (31) | CheckMate 069 (NCT01927419) |
Nivolumab (PD-1) | Nivolumab + Ipilimumab vs. Ipilimumab | 140 | No | II | Yes | Advanced Melanoma |
| 22 | Borghaei et al. (32) | CheckMate 057 (NCT01673867) |
Nivolumab (PD-1) | Nivolumab vs. Docetaxel | 555 | Yes | III | Yes | Non-squamous NSCLC |
| 23 | Brahmer et al. (33) | CheckMate 017 (NCT01642004) |
Nivolumab (PD-1) | Nivolumab vs. Docetaxel | 260 | Yes | III | Yes | Squamous NSCLC |
| 24 | Weber et al. (34) | CheckMate 037 (NCT01721746) |
Nivolumab (PD-1) | Nivolumab vs. Chemotherapy | 631 | Yes | III | Yes | Advanced Melanoma |
| 25 | Larkin et al. (35) | CheckMate 067 (NCT01844505) |
Nivolumab (PD-1) | Nivolumab and Ipilimumab vs. Nivolumab or Ipilimumab | 945 | No | III | Yes | Unresectable stage III or IV Melanoma |
| 26 | Gandhi et al. (36) | KEYNOTE-189 (NCT02578680) |
Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | Pembrolizumab + chemotherapy vs. Placebo + Chemotherapy | 607 | No | III | Yes | NSCLC |
RCT, Randomized controlled trial; BCP, Bevacizumab plus Carboplatin plus Paclitaxel; NSCLC, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; PD-1, Programmed Cell Death 1; PD-L1, Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1; SCLC, Small Cell Lung Cancer; CP, Carboplatin plus Paclitaxel; PC, Pemetrexed plus a platinum-based drug; Chemotherapy, Carboplatin plus Pemetrexed, Cisplatin plus Pemetrexed, Carboplatin plus Gemcitabine, Cisplatin plus Gemcitabine, or Carboplatin plus Paclitaxel; N/A, No Available.