Table 2.
Bivariate analysis of risk factors for HIV infection among couples
| Factor | Overall Sample | HIV positive sample | Unadjusted ORs (95% CI) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | n | % | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| HIV prevalence strata | |||||||
| Medium | 433 | 40 | 9.2 | (6.5, 12.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Low | 371 | 22 | 5.9 | (3.5, 8.3) | 0.62 | (0.36, 1.06) | 0.082 |
| High | 510 | 155 | 30.4 | (26.4, 34.4) | 4.29 | (2.95, 6.25) | 0.000 |
| Age-group | |||||||
| 15–24 years | 221 | 42 | 19.0 | (13.8, 24.2) | 1.00 | ||
| 25–29 years | 325 | 59 | 18.2 | (14.0, 22.4) | 0.95 | (0.61, 1.47) | 0.802 |
| 30–34 years | 289 | 54 | 18.7 | (14.2, 23.2) | 0.98 | (0.63, 1.53) | 0.927 |
| 35–39 years | 258 | 30 | 11.6 | (7.7, 15.6) | 0.56 | (0.34, 0.93) | 0.026 |
| 40+ years | 221 | 32 | 14.5 | (9.8, 19.1) | 0.72 | (0.44, 1.19) | 0.204 |
| Education level | |||||||
| None | 76 | 15 | 19.7 | (10.6, 28.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Lower primary | 266 | 48 | 18.0 | (13.3, 22.8) | 0.90 | (0.50, 1.79) | 0.776 |
| Upper primary | 641 | 105 | 16.4 | (13.5, 19.3) | 0.80 | (0.44, 1.55) | 0.495 |
| Secondary & above | 331 | 49 | 14.8 | (10.9, 18.7) | 0.71 | (0.39, 1.47) | 0.432 |
| Religion | |||||||
| Catholic | 782 | 139 | 17.8 | (15.1, 20.5) | 1.00 | ||
| Protestant | 178 | 33 | 18.5 | (12.8, 24.3) | 1.05 | (0.69, 1.6) | 0.810 |
| Saved/Pentecostal | 81 | 12 | 14.8 | (7.0, 22.6) | 0.80 | (0.43, 1.53) | 0.505 |
| Muslim | 242 | 25 | 10.3 | (6.5, 14.2) | 0.53 | (0.34, 0.84) | 0.006 |
| Other | 31 | 8 | 25.8 | (10.1, 41.5) | 1.61 | (0.71, 3.67) | 0.259 |
| Marital order | |||||||
| First | 862 | 76 | 9.3 | (6.9, 10.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Second | 321 | 93 | 30.5 | (23.9, 34.0) | 4.28 | (3.10, 5.90) | 0.000 |
| Third or higher | 131 | 48 | 39.1 | (28.2, 45.1) | 6.26 | (4.12, 9.48) | 0.000 |
| Marital duration | |||||||
| 1–3 years | 157 | 69 | 43.9 | (36.2, 51.7) | |||
| 4–5 years | 167 | 40 | 24.0 | (17.5, 30.5) | 0.40 | (0.25, 0.65) | 0.000 |
| 6+ years | 990 | 108 | 10.9 | (9.0, 12.9) | 0.16 | (0.11, 0.23) | 0.000 |
| Age at first marriage | |||||||
| 11–17 years | 323 | 58 | 18 | (13.8, 22.2) | 1.00 | ||
| 18–20 years | 500 | 75 | 15 | (11.9, 18.1) | 0.81 | (0.55, 1.17) | 0.261 |
| 21–24 years | 255 | 46 | 18 | (13.3, 22.8) | 1.01 | (0.66, 1.54) | 0.980 |
| 25–29 years | 188 | 30 | 16 | (10.7, 21.2) | 0.87 | (0.54, 1.41) | 0.564 |
| 30+ years | 48 | 8 | 16.7 | (6.0, 27.3) | 0.91 | (0.41, 2.06) | 0.827 |
| Ever use of condoms | |||||||
| Yes | 842 | 166 | 19.7 | (17.0, 22.4) | 1.00 | ||
| No | 472 | 51 | 10.8 | (8.0, 13.6) | 0.49 | (0.35, 0.69) | 0.000 |
| In polygamy | |||||||
| No | 1064 | 173 | 16.3 | (14.0, 18.5) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 242 | 42 | 17.4 | (12.6, 22.1) | 1.08 | (0.75, 1.57) | 0.678 |
| Don’t know | 8 | 2 | 25.0 | (0.0, 50.1) | 1.72 | (0.34, 8.58) | 0.510 |
| Age difference of the couple | |||||||
| Same age | 186 | 31 | 16.7 | (11.3, 22.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Woman older | 87 | 26 | 29.9 | (20.2, 39.6) | 2.13 | (1.17, 3.88) | 0.013 |
| Man 2–5 years | 414 | 57 | 13.8 | (10.4, 17.1) | 0.79 | (0.5, 1.29) | 0.354 |
| Man 6–10 years | 390 | 22 | 5.6 | (3.3, 7.9) | 0.51 | (0.32, 0.83) | 0.006 |
| Man 11+ years | 188 | 32 | 17.0 | (11.6, 22.4) | |||
| More than one sexual partner | |||||||
| No | 1102 | 162 | 14.70 | (12.6, 16.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 212 | 55 | 25.94 | (20.0, 32.0) | 1.88 | (1.31, 2.61) | 0.000 |