Table 2.
Macroscopic findings in cases of social traumatic intra-interspecific interaction between cetaceans (n = 24).
| Case | Species | Interspecific tooth-rake marks | Intraspecific tooth-rake marks | Healed rake marks | Skin erosion/laceration | Skin vascular changes | Postmortem shark bites | Hematomas | Fractures | Hemothorax | Hemoabdomen | Hemoapericardium | Lung perforation | Non-digested food | Tracheal edema | CNS vascular changes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cranium | Mandibles | Spine | Ribs | Scapula | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | Globicephala macrorhynchus | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N |
| 2 | Mesoplodon europaeus | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | Maxilla | S (L) | M (T) | M (R & L) | S (L) | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y |
| 3 | Stenella frontalis | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y |
| 4 | Stenella coeruleoalba | N | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | M (R) | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| 5 | Stenella coeruleoalba | N | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | M (L: 5°,6°,7°) | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y |
| 6 | Kogia breviceps | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| 7 | Mesoplodon europaeus | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | N |
| 8 | Globicephala macrorhynchus | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N | N |
| 9 | Kogia breviceps | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| 10 | Kogia breviceps | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| 11 | Globicephala macrorhynchus | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | M (R & L) | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | N |
| 12 | Delphinus delphis | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | M (L: 5) | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| 13 | Delphinus delphis | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | M (L: 6) | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y |
| 15 | Delphinus delphis | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | M (L: 3) | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| 16 | Stenella coeruleoalba | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| 18 | Globicephala macrorhynchus | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | Right tympanic and bones of temporal region | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| 19 | Stenella frontalis | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | T (2 last) L (3 proximal) | S (5°) | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y |
| 21 | Tursiops truncatus | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y |
| 22 | Globicephala macrorhynchus | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| 23 | Stenella frontalis | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | T (5 last) | M (L: 3°, 4°, 5°, 6°, 7°, 8°, 9°, 10°, 11°, 12°) | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y |
| 24 | Globicephala macrorhynchus | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N |
| 26 | Globicephala macrorhynchus | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | M (L: 3°, 4°, 5°, 6°, 7°, 8°, 9°) | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N | Y |
| 27 | Ziphius cavirostris | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| 8 | 2 | 23 | 6 | 24 | 7 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 12 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 15 | ||
The cases in which the death was related to an accident during the predation are not included (cases 14, 17, and 20). The table shows the number of the case, the species, and the presence (Y, yes) or the absence (N, no) of intra-interspecific tooth-rake marks, healed rake marks, skin erosion/laceration, vascular changes in the skin, postmortem shark bites, subcutaneous and muscle hematomas, fractures [cranium, mandibles (S, single; M, multiple; R, right; and L, left), vertebrae (T, thoracic and L, lumbar), ribs (the exact number of rib fractures is given in case it was recorded, also the side), and scapula], hemothorax, hemoabdomen, hemopericardium, lung perforation, non-digested food, tracheal edema, and vascular changes and Central Nervous System (CNS).