Table 1.

Schedule of assessments, data collection methods, sample type/domain, and the test or task

Time point	Age	Data collection method	Sample type/domain of measurement	Test/task
1	Antenatal	Records and interview	Socioeconomic status	Maternal and paternal education, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation derived from home postcode
			Medical/demographic	Family and medical history and exposures
2	Birth	Records, questionnaire and tissue	Medical	History and exposures
				Anthropometry
			Placenta	Structured histopathology rating and storage
			Cord blood	Panel of immunoregulatory and trophic proteins Gene expression array*
3	Neonatal	Tissue: blood	Blood spot	Panel of immunoregulatory and trophic proteins Gene expression array*
		Tissue: saliva	Epigenetics	DNA methylation
		Tissue: nasal swab	Nasal lining fluid	Antimicrobial peptides including cathelicidin levels*
			DNA/RNA	Respiratory microbiota*
		Stool	DNA/RNA	Gut microbiota*
		Direct observation	Medical	Anthropometry
			Retinopathy of prematurity assessment	Grade retinopathy
			Parent IQ	National Adult Reading Test
		MRI	Brain structure and connectivity	Structural and diffusion 3T MRI
		Questionnaire	Medical/demographic	Breast feeding and updated perinatal medical history
				Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
				Parenting Daily Hassles
				WHO—Quality Of Life
				Adult Temperament Questionnaire
4	4.5 months	Questionnaire, by post or online or phone interview	Demographics	Updated socioeconomic status, maternal education, breastfeeding/nutrition activities
			Infant temperament	Infant Behaviour Questionnaire, Revised, short form
			Parent well-being	Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
				WHO—Quality Of Life
		Tissue: nasal swab	DNA/RNA	Respiratory microbiota*
5	9 months	Tissue: saliva	Epigenetics	DNA methylation
			HPAA	Cortisol: waking, 30 min after waking, before bed Prestill-face and poststill-face procedure
		Tissue: nasal swab	Nasal lining fluid	Antimicrobial peptides including cathelicidin levels*
			DNA/RNA	Respiratory microbiota*
		Eye tracking	Social development	Free scanning: neutral faces
				Free scanning: pop-out task, looking to faces and distractors
				Free scanning: social preferential looking to social and non-social images
				Free scanning: dancing ladies social and non-social videos
			Attention	Switching and disengagement: gap-overlap task, fixation to central and peripheral cues
				Sustained attention: follow the bird task, following moving target
			Processing speed	Free scanning: odd-one-out visual search task (simple letters version)
				Free-scanning: word–picture matching task
		Direct observation	Visual acuity	Keeler card assessment
			Social development	Still-face procedure (sub-set with computational motor assessment)
				Parent–child play, for later behavioural coding: (subset with computational motor assessment)
		Questionnaire	Infant temperament	Infant Behaviour Questionnaire, Revised, short form
				Sleep and Settle Questionnaire
			Language	MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (words and gestures)
			Parent well-being	WHO—Quality Of Life
			Feedback	Feedback form, monitoring satisfaction with research project
		Direct observation	Anthropometry	Growth
		Parent interview	Demographics	Family circumstances update form including breastfeeding, socioeconomic status (home postcode)
			Developmental level	Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales: comprehensive interview form
6	2 years	Direct observation	Ophthalmology	Refraction
			Anthropometry	Growth
		Tissue: nasal swab	Nasal lining fluid	Antimicrobial peptides including cathelicidin levels*
			DNA/RNA	Respiratory microbiota*
		Eye tracking	Social development	Free scanning: neutral faces
				Free scanning: pop-out task, looking to faces and distractors
				Free scanning: social preferential looking to social and non-social images
				Free scanning: dancing ladies social and non-social videos
			Attention	Switching and disengagement: gap-overlap task, fixation to central and peripheral cues
				Sustained attention: follow the bird task, following moving target
			Processing speed	Free scanning: odd-one-out visual search task
				Free-scanning: word–picture matching task
		Direct observation	Social development	Parent–child play, for later behavioural coding
			Executive function	Following Instructions task
			Bayley-III	General developmental level*
		Questionnaire	Temperament	Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire, Revised, short form
				Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire
			Language	MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (words and sentences)
			Social development	Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers
			Executive function	BRIEF-P Early Executive Function Questionnaire
			Developmental level	Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales: comprehensive parent rating form
			Parent well-being	WHO—Quality Of Life
			Feedback	Feedback form, monitoring satisfaction with research project
		Parent interview	Demographics	Family circumstances update form including breastfeeding, socioeconomic status (home postcode)
7	5 years	Tissue: saliva	Epigenetics	DNA methylation
			HPAA	Cortisol
		Tissue: nasal swab	DNA/RNA	Respiratory microbiota*
		Direct observation	Anthropometry	Growth
			Blood pressure	Hypertension
			Ophthalmology	Refraction and acuity
			Social development	Parent–child play, for later behavioural coding
			Executive function	Following Instructions task
			Developmental level	Mullen Scales of Early Learning
		Eye tracking	Social development	Free scanning: neutral faces
				Free scanning: pop-out task, looking to faces and distractors
				Free scanning: social preferential looking to social and non-social images
				Free scanning: dancing ladies social and non-social videos
			Attention	Switching and disengagement: gap-overlap task, fixation to central and peripheral cues
				Sustained attention: follow the bird task, following moving target
			Processing speed	Free scanning: odd-one-out visual search task (complex objects version)
		Questionnaire	Temperament	Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (both teacher and parent report versions)
			Language	Children's Communication Checklist
			Social development	Social Communication Questionnaire: Current
			Executive function	DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale
				BRIEF-P
			Visual perception	Cerebral Visual Impairment Inventory
			Parent well-being	WHO—Quality Of Life
			Feedback	Feedback form monitoring satisfaction with research project
			Developmental level	Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales: domain-level parent rating form
		Parent interview	Demographics	Family circumstances update form including socioeconomic status (home postcode)

*Subset of participants.

ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; BRIEF-P, Behaviour Rating Inventory for Executive Function, Preschool; HPAA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.