Table 4.
Factors associated with cognitive risk perception of MERS-CoV
| Variables | Overall | Survey 1 | Survey 2 | Survey 3 | Survey 4† |
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.98 (0.80 to 1.20) | 1.14 (0.73 to 1.70) | 0.97 (0.64 to 1.46) | 0.81 (0.54 to 1.21) | 1.19 (0.63 to 2.25) |
| Age (years) | |||||
| 19–29 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 30–39 | 0.76 (0.55 to 1.05) | 0.26* (0.13 to 0.54) | 1.26 (0.67 to 2.37) | 0.91 (0.47 to 1.75) | 0.84 (0.33 to 2.11) |
| 40–49 | 0.64* (0.47 to 0.88) | 0.21* (0.10 to 0.42) | 0.99 (0.53 to 1.83) | 0.81 (0.42 to 1.57) | 0.65 (0.27 to 1.57) |
| 50–59 | 0.44* (0.32 to 0.62) | 0.12* (0.06 to 0.25) | 1.19 (0.63 to 2.28) | 0.35* (0.17 to 0.72) | 0.25* (0.08 to 0.73) |
| 60–69 | 0.30* (0.20 to 0.46) | 0.13* (0.06 to 0.31) | 0.35* (0.16 to 0.77) | 0.26* (0.11 to 0.65) | 0.17* (0.04 to 0.69) |
| ≥70 | 0.26* (0.16 to 0.44) | 0.08* (0.03 to 0.23) | 0.61 (0.26 to 1.41) | 0.20* (0.06 to 0.63) | 0.12* (0.02 to 0.65) |
| Educational attainment | |||||
| Middle school or below | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High school | 0.81 (0.58 to 1.13) | 0.58 (0.30 to 1.12) | 1.41 (0.75 to 2.68) | 0.45* (0.21 to 0.97) | 0.56 (0.20 to 1.55) |
| University | 0.93 (0.65 to 1.32) | 0.47* (0.24 to 0.95) | 2.11 (1.06 to 4.21) | 0.73 (0.34 to 1.57) | 0.42 (0.13 to 1.36) |
| Graduate school | 0.92 (0.58 to 1.46) | 0.12* (0.04 to 0.38) | 1.83 (0.78 to 4.34) | 1.27 (0.47 to 3.43) | 0.64 (0.17 to 2.37) |
| Occupation | |||||
| Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Farming/forestry/fishery | 1.51 (0.85 to 2.68) | 1.72 (0.59 to 5.06) | 1.52 (0.49 to 4.68) | 3.04 (0.93 to 1.0) | 1.12 (0.22 to 5.75) |
| Self-employed | 0.94 (0.63 to 1.40) | 1.08 (0.49 to 2.35) | 0.92 (0.43 to 1.96) | 1.76 (0.70 to 4.38) | 0.31 (0.09 to 1.12) |
| Blue-collar | 1.22 (0.81 to 1.84) | 1.38 (0.61 to 3.15) | 1.07 (0.51 to 2.22) | 1.75 (0.66 to 4.67) | 0.84 (0.28 to 2.56) |
| White-collar | 1.05 (0.72 to 1.52) | 1.46 (0.71 to 3.02) | 0.94 (0.48 to 1.87) | 1.64 (0.68 to 3.95) | 0.56 (0.21 to 1.55) |
| Home maker | 1.22 (0.81 to 1.83) | 1.23 (0.55 to 2.74) | 1.37 (0.65 to 2.92) | 1.86 (0.71 to 4.92) | 0.85 (0.29 to 2.50) |
| Student | 0.81 (0.51 to 1.30) | 0.68 (0.26 to 1.75) | 0.78 (0.33 to 1.84) | 1.01 (0.34 to 2.98) | 0.47 (0.12 to 1.84) |
| Self-reported household economic status | |||||
| Upper | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | u.a. |
| Upper middle | 0.96 (0.51 to 1.81) | 1.17 (0.34 to 4.05) | 0.71 (0.27 to 1.85) | 0.71 (0.19 to 2.61) | u.a. |
| Middle | 0.81 (0.44 to 1.47) | 1.26 (0.39 to 4.05) | 0.59 (0.25 to 1.40) | 0.86 (0.26 to 2.87) | u.a. |
| Lower middle | 1.22 (0.66 to 2.25) | 1.76 (0.53 to 5.86) | 0.98 (0.40 to 2.38) | 1.13 (0.33 to 3.88) | u.a. |
| Lower | 1.06 (0.57 to 1.99) | 2.22 (0.64 to 7.74) | 0.82 (0.32 to 2.12) | 1.12 (0.32 to 4.0) | u.a. |
| MERS-CoV-affected area | |||||
| Non-affected area | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Affected area | 1.05 (0.86 to 1.28) | 1.43 (0.94 to 2.19) | 0.79 (0.54 to 1.16) | 1.02 (0.69 to 1.52) | 1.18 (0.66 to 2.11) |
| Residential area | |||||
| Non-metropolitan | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Metropolitan | 0.91 (0.72 to 1.14) | 0.57* (0.35 to 0.93) | 1.34 (0.84 to 2.12) | 1.08 (0.67 to 1.75) | 0.69 (0.38 to 1.33) |
| Presidential job approval rating | |||||
| Approval | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Disapproval | 3.55* (2.77 to 4.55) | 5.41* (3.25 to 9.01) | 3.00 (1.96 to 4.59*) | 3.77* (2.13 to 6.68) | 4.05* (1.44 to 11.41) |
| No opinion | 1.75* (1.22 to 2.52) | 2.00 (0.96 to 4.16) | 0.94 (0.49 to 1.80) | 3.26 (1.46 to 7.30) | 1.55 (0.37 to 6.45) |
| Party identification | |||||
| Ruling party | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Opposition party | 1.38* (1.09 to 1.75) | 2.01* (1.19 to 3.39) | 1.86* (1.21 to 2.88) | 1.09 (0.65 to 1.84) | 1.08 (0.48 to 2.45) |
| No opinion | 1.23 (0.98 to 1.55) | 1.55 (0.97 to 2.48) | 1.82* (1.20 to 2.76) | 0.79 (0.47 to 1.34) | 0.91 (0.40 to 2.08) |
*P<0.05.
†There was small sample size of those who perceived cognitive risk in the upper economic level in survey 4, the self-reported household economic status was excluded from the survey 4 model.
aOR, adjusted OR; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; u.a., unavailable data.