Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, in-hospital treatment and outcome of all patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention in southeastern Denmark, 2010–2017
| Missing data | MCS | No MCS | MCS versus no MCS | |||||||
| MCS | No MCS | 2010–2012 | 2013–2017 | P value | 2010–2012 | 2013–2017 | P value | P value before 2012 |
P value after 2012 |
|
| Number of patients | 279 | 624 | 133 | 146 | 174 | 450 | ||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 0 | 0 | 66.0 (10.8) | 61.4 (12.5) | 0.001 | 65.7 (12.5) | 66.8 (11.7) | 0.32 | 0.84 | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 109 (82.0) | 127 (87.0) | 0.25 | 130 (74.7) | 332 (74.0) | 0.84 | 0.13 | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 95/279 | 177/624 | 26.2 (4.0) | 27.1 (4.4) | 0.16 | 26.3 (4.2) | 26.1 (4.5) | 0.72 | 0.90 | 0.05 |
| IHD, n (%) | 10/279 | 27/624 | 36 (27.5) | 35 (25.4) | 0.69 | 26 (16.3) | 118 (27.0) | 0.007 | 0.02 | 0.70 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 10/279 | 25/624 | 17 (13.0) | 18 (13.0) | 0.99 | 11 (6.9) | 70 (16.0) | 0.004 | 0.08 | 0.41 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 12/279 | 35/624 | 60 (46.2) | 57 (41.6) | 0.45 | 67 (42.1) | 219 (50.9) | 0.06 | 0.49 | 0.06 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 13/279 | 39/624 | 36 (27.9) | 39 (28.5) | 0.92 | 46 (29.3) | 143 (33.4) | 0.35 | 0.80 | 0.28 |
| PAD, n (%) | 13/279 | 34/624 | 6 (4.6) | 6 (4.4) | 0.94 | 9 (5.6) | 37 (8.6) | 0.23 | 0.70 | 0.11 |
| DM, n (%) | 13/279 | 34/624 | 21 (16.2) | 19 (14.0) | 0.62 | 23 (14.4) | 70 (16.3) | 0.57 | 0.68 | 0.52 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 13/279 | 34/624 | 9 (7.0) | 6 (4.4) | 0.37 | 5 (3.1) | 34 (7.9) | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.17 |
| COPD, n (%) | 13/279 | 36/624 | 8 (6.2) | 10 (7.3) | 0.72 | 15 (9.4) | 57 (13.3) | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.06 |
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 49 (36.8) | 68 (46.6) | 0.10 | 116 (66.7) | 278 (61.8) | 0.26 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| STEMI | 0 | 0 | 120 (90.2) | 98 (67.1) | <0.001 | 149 (85.6) | 310 (68.9) | <0.001 | 0.23 | 0.69 |
| Haemodynamics at the time of shock | ||||||||||
| Vasoactive drugs, n (%) | 4/279 | 6/624 | 40 (30.1) | 72 (51.4) | <0.001 | 75 (43.6) | 168 (37.7) | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.004 |
| MAP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 18/279 | 26/624 | 62 (11) | 58 (16) | 0.02 | 65 (11) | 62 (11) | 0.002 | 0.02 | 0.002 |
| Heart rate (beats/min), mean (SD) | 41/279 | 53/264 | 90 (25) | 89 (31) | 0.94 | 82 (23) | 82 (23) | 0.98 | 0.02 | 0.005 |
| LVEF (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 15/279 | 34/624 | 30 (20, 35) | 20 (10, 30) | <0.001 | 35 (25, 45) | 35 (20, 40) | 0.10 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 32/279 | 98/624 | 4.5 (2.7, 11.0) | 8.3 (3.9, 12.6) | 0.003 | 6.1 (3.1, 9.9) | 5.7 (3.0, 8.7) | 0.46 | 0.81 | <0.001 |
| In-hospital management and outcome | ||||||||||
| IABP first device, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 107 (80.4) | 9 (6.2) | <0.001 | – | – | – | ||
| Impella CP first device | 0 | 0 | 9 (6.8) | 107 (73.3) | <0.001 | – | – | – | ||
| VA-ECMO first device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 (17.1) | <0.001 | – | – | – | ||
| Additional MCS, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 7 (5.3) | 25 (17.1) | 0.002 | – | – | – | ||
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 8/279 | 43/624 | 91 (71.1) | 133 (93.0) | <0.001 | 145 (89.5) | 376 (89.7) | 0.94 | <0.001 | 0.25 |
| Vasoactive drug use, overall, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 116 (87.2) | 139 (95.2) | 0.02 | 149 (85.6) | 386 (85.8) | 0.96 | 0.69 | 0.002 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 15/279 | 68/264 | 39 (31.2) | 76 (54.7) | <0.001 | 19 (12.2) | 50 (12.5) | 0.92 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Bleeding requiring transfusion, n (%) | 4/279 | 2/624 | 41 (31.5) | 85 (58.6) | <0.001 | 32 (18.6) | 48 (10.7) | 0.008 | 0.009 | <0.001 |
| Limb ischaemia, n (%) | 5/279 | 3/624 | 5 (3.8) | 19 (13.2) | 0.009 | 3 (1.7) | 5 (1.1) | 0.39 | 0.30 | <0.001 |
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 49 (36.8) | 78 (53.4) | 0.007 | 84 (48.3) | 218 (48.4) | 0.95 | 0.05 | 0.35 |
BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction; VA-ECMO, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.