Table 2.
Baseline characteristics, in-hospital treatment and outcome for the matched cohort
| Early IABP versus control | Early Impella CP versus control | |||||
| Early IABP | Control | P value | Early ImpellaCP | Control | P value | |
| Number of patients | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 68.8 (11.1) | 69.1 (9.9) | 0.90 | 64.5 (10.1) | 65.9 (13.3) | 0.60 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 33 (82.5) | 28 (70.0) | 0.19 | 34 (85.5) | 29 (72.5) | 0.17 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.5 (3.7) | 26.6 (4.0) | 0.28 | 27.3 | 24.9 | 0.01 |
| IHD, n (%) | 11 (27.5) | 8 (20.5) | 0.47 | 14 (36.8) | 17 (43.6) | 0.55 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 3 (7.5) | 4 (10.3) | 0.71 | 8 (21.1) | 8 (20.0) | 0.91 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 25 (64.1) | 15 (39.5) | 0.03 | 22 (59.5) | 23 (59.0) | 0.97 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 11 (28.2) | 9 (23.7) | 0.65 | 15 (40.5) | 16 (41.0) | 0.97 |
| PAD, n (%) | 1 (2.5) | 2 (5.1) | 0.61 | 2 (5.4) | 6 (15.8) | 0.26 |
| DM, n (%) | 9 (22.5) | 6 (15.4) | 0.42 | 7 (18.9) | 4 (10.5) | 0.35 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 4 (10.3) | 2 (5.1) | 0.68 | 1 (2.7) | 1 (2.6) | 1.00 |
| COPD, n (%) | 1 (2.6) | 3 (7.7) | 0.62 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.3) | 0.49 |
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 9 (22.5) | 10 (25.0) | 0.79 | 16 (40.0) | 15 (37.5) | 0.82 |
| Time to ROSC (min), median (Q1, Q3) | 25 (18, 25) | 27 (17, 33) | 0.71 | 23 (15, 75) | 27.5 (15, 70) | 0.61 |
| STEMI, n (%) | 36 (90.0) | 38 (95.0) | 0.40 | 27 (67.5) | 24 (60.0) | 0.49 |
| Patient delay (min), median (Q1, Q3) | 75 (20, 256) | 108 (24, 205) | 0.91 | 34 (2, 229) | 46 (14, 219) | 0.46 |
| System delay (min), median (Q1, Q3) | 149 (115, 194) | 164 (120, 245) | 0.41 | 140 (105, 175) | 142 (100, 250) | 0.75 |
| Haemodynamics at the time of shock | ||||||
| Shock before PCI procedure, n (%) | 25 (62.5) | 34 (85.0) | 0.02 | 22 (55.0) | 34 (85.0) | 0.003 |
| Vasoactive drugs, n (%) | 27 (67.5) | 27 (67.5) | 1.00 | 22 (55.0) | 18 (45.0) | 0.50 |
| MAP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 61 (11) | 64 (9) | 0.20 | 57 (16) | 56 (21) | 0.85 |
| Heart rate (beats/min), mean (SD) | 94 (24) | 86 (22) | 0.15 | 95 (32) | 77 (33) | 0.02 |
| LVEF (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 27.5 (20, 40) | 30 (22.5, 37.5) | 0.76 | 15 (10, 25) | 15 (10, 25) | 0.77 |
| Lactate (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 3.5 (1.8, 5.7) | 3.2 (2.0, 5.9) | 0.92 | 8.5 (4.5, 11.7) | 8.3 (3.7, 13.4) | 0.72 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD) | 62 (24) | 60 (21) | 0.67 | 63 (21) | 60 (19) | 0.61 |
| In-hospital management and outcome | ||||||
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 11 (27.5) | 15 (37.5) | 0.32 | 16 (40.0) | 31 (77.5) | <0.001 |
| Cause of in-hospital death, n (%) | ||||||
| Cardiac | 8 (20.0) | 7 (17.5) | 0.78 | 7 (17.5) | 18 (45.0) | 0.008 |
| Multiorgan failure | 1 (2.5) | 3 (7.5) | 1.00 | 6 (15.0) | 5 (12.5) | 1.00 |
| Anoxic brain injury | 1 (2.5) | 2 (5.0) | 1.00 | 2 (5.0) | 3 (7.5) | 1.00 |
| Other, n (%) | 1 (2.5) | 2 (5.0) | 1.00 | 1 (2.5) | 2 (5.0) | 1.00 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 24 (60.0) | 27 (67.5) | 0.49 | 36 (90.0) | 35 (87.5) | 1.00 |
| Vasoactive drug use overall, n (%) | 36 (90.0) | 40 (100) | 0.12 | 39 (97.5) | 39 (97.5) | 1.00 |
| Escalating MCS, n (%) | 2 (5.0) | 19 (47.5) | <0.001 | 5 (12.5) | 12 (30.0) | 0.10 |
| Use of VA-ECMO | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 | 4 (10.0) | 7 (17.5) | 0.35 |
| Renal replacement therapy for AKI | 8 (20.5) | 8 (21.0) | 0.95 | 19 (48.7) | 11 (28.2) | 0.10 |
| Limb ischaemia | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.5) | 1.00 | 4 (10.0) | 3 (7.5) | 1.00 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction; VA-ECMO, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.