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The TLR-mediated NF-κB pathway has a negative effect on autophagy regulation.
Mitochondrial dysfunction with increased ROS activates autophagy and the inflammasome. Upregulation of autophagy prevents an excessive inflammatory response by resisting the inflammasome. MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TLRs: membrane-associated toll-like receptors.
