5. Detailed summary results of included nonexperimental cohort studies.
| References | Detailed summary results | The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) |
| Allen 2004 | Reference category: lowest exposure Prostate cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 1.03 (95% CI 0.69‐1.55) Highest exposure: RR 1.29 (95% CI 0.84‐1.98) |
Low risk: Selection: 3/4 stars since the exposed population is a highly selected group (survivors of the atomic bomb). Comparability: 1/2 stars, since the study did not control for smoking habits. Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 7/9 stars, moderate quality. |
| Chyou 1993 | Urinary tract cancer Reference category: lowest exposure Highest exposure: RR 1.34 (95% CI 0.79‐2.27) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Dai 2010 | Reference category: lowest exposure Breast cancer Exposure assessment A: intake of green tea Highest exposure: HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.88‐1.26) Exposure assessment B: dosage of green tea: Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.81‐1.42) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.98 (95% CI 0.75‐1.29) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 1.00 (95% CI 0.68‐1.48) Highest exposure: HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.86‐1.61) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 2/3 stars, follow‐up < 5 years Total score: 8/9 stars, moderate quality. |
| Galanis 1998 | Stomach cancer Reference category: lowest exposure All Intermediate exposure: HR 1.3 (95% CI 0.7‐2.1) Highest exposure: HR 1.5 (95% CI 0.9‐2.3) Men Intermediate exposure: HR 1.2 (95% CI 0.6‐2.5) Highest exposure: HR 1.6 (95% CI 0.9‐2.9) Women Intermediate exposure: HR 1.3 (95% CI 0.6‐2.9) Highest exposure: HR 1.3 (95% CI 0.6‐2.6) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 1/2 stars, the study did not control for smoking in the overall analysis, only in men Outcome: 2/3 stars, follow‐up < 5 years, low risk Total score: 7/9 stars, moderate quality. |
| Ide 2007 | Reference category: lowest exposure Oral cancer All participants Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.22‐1.94) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.69 (95% CI 0.28‐1.71) Highest exposure: HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.19‐1.04) Men Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.79 (95% CI 0.18‐3.57) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.22‐3.03) Highest exposure HR 0.61 (95% CI 0.18‐2.06) Women Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.51 (95% CI 0.10‐2.68) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.60 (95% CI 0.17‐2.10) Highest exposure: HR 0.31 (95% CI 0.09‐1.07) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Inoue 2009a | Reference category: lowest exposure Stomach cancer Men All cohorts Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.83‐1.12) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.81‐1.08) Highest exposure: HR 1.06 (95% CI 0.86‐1.30) JPHC‐I Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.85 (95% CI 0.62‐1.17) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.65‐1.16) Highest exposure: HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.73‐1.28) JPHC‐II Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.11 (95% CI 0.82‐1.52) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.08 (95% CI 0.80‐1.45) Highest exposure: HR 1.06 (95% CI 0.78‐1.43) JACC Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.59‐1.08) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.57‐1.00) Highest exposure: HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.63‐1.05) MIYAGI Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.67‐1.20) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.65‐1.17) Highest exposure: HR 0.88 (95% CI 0.67‐1.15) 3‐pref MIYAGI Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.28 (95% CI 0.84‐1.94) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.20 (95% CI 0.79‐1.80) Highest exposure: HR 1.55 (95% CI 1.09‐2.20) 3‐pref AICHI Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.27 (95% CI 0.74‐2.21) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.22 (95% CI 0.73‐2.03) Highest exposure: HR 1.60 (95% CI 0.97‐2.63) Women: All cohorts: Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.73‐1.10) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.92 (95% CI 0.76‐1.11) Highest exposure: HR 0.79 (95% CI 0.65‐0.96) JPHC‐I Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.45‐1.25) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.58‐1.42) Highest exposure: HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.36‐0.95) JPHC‐II Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.56‐1.56) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.74‐1.86) Highest exposure: HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.45‐1.20) JACC Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.71‐1.53) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.85 (95% CI 0.60‐1.19) Highest exposure: HR 0.88 (95% CI 0.64‐1.21) MIYAGI Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.53‐1.26) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.59‐1.35) Highest exposure: HR 0.67 (95% CI 0.44‐1.02) 3‐pref MIYAGI Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.45‐1.49) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.41‐1.27) Highest exposure: HR 0.83 (95% CI 0.51‐1.35) 3‐pref AICHI Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.20 (95% CI 0.49‐2.95) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.29 (95% CI 0.59‐2.80) Highest exposure: HR 1.54 (95% CI 0.72‐3.28) Stratified data available by sex and further stratified by smoking status (never smokers and current smokers) Stratified data available by subsite (proximal and distal stomach cancer) Previous reports Fujino 2002 Stomach cancer mortality Reference category: lowest exposure Men Intermediate exposure: RR 0.82 (95% CI 0.41‐1.64) Highest exposure: RR 1.11 (95% CI 0.75‐1.63) Women Intermediate exposure: RR 1.74 (95% CI 0.71‐4.26) Highest exposure: RR 1.43 (95% CI 0.78‐2.62) Hoshiyama 2002 Reference category: lowest exposure Stomach cancer mortality Men Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.6 (95% CI 0.9‐2.9) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.1 (95% CI 0.6‐1.9) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.5‐2.5) Highest exposure: RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.5‐2.0) Women Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.1 (95% CI 0.5‐2.5) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.5‐2.5) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 0.8 (95% CI 0.4‐1.6) Highest exposure: RR 0.7 (95% CI 0.3‐2.1) Hoshiyama 2004 Reference category: lowest exposure Stomach cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.3 (95% CI 0.6‐2.8) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.5‐1.9) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 0.8 (95% CI 0.4‐1.6) Highest exposure: RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.6‐2.5) Koizumi 2003 Stomach cancer Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.80‐1.27) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.70–1.13) Highest exposure: HR 1.06 (95% CI 0.86–1.30) Stratified data available by histological subtype (differentiated and nondifferentiated) Stratified data available by subsite (cardia, body and antrum) Tsubono 2001 Stomach cancer All participants Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.8‐1.8) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.7–1.5) Highest exposure: RR 1.4 (95% CI 1.0‐1.9) Men Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.7‐1.9) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.7‐1.9) Highest exposure: RR 1.5 (95% CI 1.0‐2.3) Women Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.6‐2.3) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.7 (95% CI 0.4‐1.5) Highest exposure: RR 1.1 (95% CI 0.6‐2.0) Sasazuki 2004 Reference category: lowest exposure Men Stomach cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.95 (95% CI 0.74–1.21) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.89 (95% CI 0.71–1.13) Highest exposure: RR 0.97 (95% CI 0.77–1.22) Subsite Upper‐third including cardia cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.07 (95% CI 0.53–2.17) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.88 (95% CI 0.44–1.75) Highest exposure: RR 1.24 (95% CI 0.65–2.35) Distal cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.88 (95% CI 0.65–1.17) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.64–1.12) Highest exposure: RR 0.88 (95% CI 0.67–1.16) Women Stomach cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.93 (95% CI 0.61–1.41) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.10 (95% CI 0.75–1.60) Highest exposure: RR 0.70 (95% CI 0.47–1.05) Subsite: Upper‐third including cardia cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 2.28 (95% CI 0.56–9.33) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.70 (95% CI 0.13–3.62) Highest exposure: RR 1.74 (95% CI 0.44–6.86) Distal cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.92 (95% CI 0.58–1.47) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.05 (95% CI 0.69–1.60) Highest exposure: RR 0.53 (95% CI 0.33–0.85) |
Low risk: Inoue 2009a Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. Fujino 2002 Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 1/2 stars, the study did not control for smoking Outcome: 2/3 stars, follow‐up < 90%. Total score: 8/9 stars, moderate quality. Hoshiyama 2002 Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 2/3 stars, follow‐up < 90% Total score: 8/9 stars, moderate quality. Hoshiyama 2004 Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 2/3 stars, follow‐up < 90%. Total score: 8/9 stars, moderate quality. Sasazuki 2004 Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. Tsubono 2001 Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Inoue 2009b | Reference category: lowest exposure Liver cancer Men Intermediate exposure: HR 1.20 (95% CI 0.64‐2.23) Highest exposure: HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.63‐2.20) Women Intermediate exposure: HR 2.58 (95% CI 1.01‐6.59) Highest exposure: HR 1.48 (95% CI 0.54‐4.08) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Ishikawa 2006 | Reference category: lowest exposure Oesophageal cancer Cohort 1 + cohort 2 Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.03 (95% CI 0.46‐2.28) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.13 (95% CI 0.53‐2.42) Highest exposure: HR 1.67 (95% CI 0.89‐3.16) Cohort 1 Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.69 (95% CI 0.17‐2.91) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.58 (95% CI 0.52‐4.76) Highest exposure: HR 1.78 (95% CI 0.66‐4.82) Cohort 2 Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.22 (95% CI 0.47‐3.19) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.85 (95% CI 0.30‐2.40) Highest exposure: HR 1.61 (95% CI 0.71‐3.66) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 2/3 stars, follow‐up rate < 90% Total score: 8/9 stars, moderate quality. |
| Iwai 2002 | Reference category: lowest exposure Total cancer mortality Intermediate exposure: HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.51‐1.70) Highest exposure: HR 0.92 (95% CI 0.49‐1.73) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 1/2 stars, the study did not control for smoking Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 8/9 stars, moderate quality. |
| Iwasaki 2010a | Reference category: lowest exposure Breast cancer Iwasaki 2010a Intermediate exposure: HR 1.19 (95% CI 0.80‐1.76) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.13 (95% CI 0.72‐1.75) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 1.13 (95% CI 0.81‐1.58) Intermediate exposure 4: HR 1.17 (95% CI 0.85‐1.62) Highest exposure: HR 1.12 (95% CI 0.81‐1.56) Iwasaki 2010b Highest exposure: OR 1.02 (95% CI 0.62‐1.65) |
Low risk: Iwasaki 2010a: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. Iwasaki 2010b Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 1/2 stars, the study did not control for smoking Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 8/9 stars, moderate quality. |
| Key 1999 | Reference category: lowest exposure Breast cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 1.02 (95% CI 0.76‐1.36) Highest exposure: RR 0.86 (95% CI 0.62‐1.21) |
Low risk: Selection: 3/4 stars, exposure based on self‐report not within a structured interview or questionnaire. Comparability: 1/2 stars, the study did not control for smoking Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 7/9 stars, moderate quality. |
| Khan 2004 | Reference category: lowest exposure Men Total cancer mortality Highest exposure: RR 1.0 (955 CI 0.7‐1.6) Lung cancer mortality Highest exposure: RR 0.6 (95% CI 0.3‐1.2) Stomach cancer mortality Highest exposure: RR 1.1 (95% CI 0.4‐2.5) Colorectal cancer mortality Highest exposure: RR 1.3 (95% CI 0.3‐5.9) Pancreatic cancer mortality Highest exposure: RR not estimated Women Total cancer mortality Highest exposure: RR 1.0 (955 CI 0.6‐1.6) Lung cancer mortality Highest exposure: RR 0.7 (95% CI 0.2‐2.9) Stomach cancer mortality Highest exposure: RR 0.7 (95% CI 0.2‐1.9) Colorectal cancer mortality Highest exposure: RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.3‐4.4) Pancreatic cancer mortality Highest exposure: RR 0.5 (95% CI 0.2‐1.6) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Kikuchi 2006 | Reference category: lowest exposure Prostate cancer Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.42‐1.40) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.15 (95% CI 0.69‐1.94) Highest exposure: HR 0.85 (95% CI 0.50‐1.43) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Kurahashi 2007 | Reference category: lowest exposure Prostate cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.96 (95% CI 0.68‐1.35) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.94 (95% CI 0.68‐1.30) Highest exposure: RR 0.89 (95% CI 0.65‐1.21) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Kurahashi 2009 | Reference category: lowest exposure Bladder cancer Men Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.73‐1.91) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.71 (95% CI 0.43‐1.18) Highest exposure: HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.56‐1.45) Women Intermediate exposure: HR 1.22 (95% CI 0.49‐3.00) Highest exposure: HR 2.29 (95% CI 1.06‐4.92) Analysis also available stratified by smoking status |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Kuriyama 2006 | Reference category: lowest exposure All participants Total cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.11 (95% CI 0.93‐1.34) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.16 (95% CI 0.97‐1.38) Highest exposure: HR 1.11 (95% CI 0.94‐1.31) Stomach cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.33 (95% CI 0.86‐2.04) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.00 (95% CI 0.64‐1.58) Highest exposure: HR 1.17 (95% CI 0.78‐1.76) Lung cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.03 (95% CI 0.67‐1.58) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.05 (95% CI 0.69‐1.59) Highest exposure: HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.81‐1.72) Colorectal cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.59‐1.82) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.45 (95% CI 0.87‐2.42) Highest exposure: HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.67‐1.82) Men Total cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.82‐1.28) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.95‐1.46) Highest exposure: HR 1.11 (95% CI 0.90‐1.36) Stomach cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.29 (95% CI 0.78‐2.16) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.19 (95% CI 0.71‐2.00) Highest exposure: HR 1.20 (95% CI 0.74‐1.95) Lung cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.88 (95% CI 0.54‐1.42) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.61‐1.54) Highest exposure: HR 1.14 (95% CI 0.75‐1.73) Colorectal cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.09 (95% CI 0.57‐2.09) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.23 (95% CI 0.66‐2.29) Highest exposure: HR 0.88 (95% CI 0.47‐1.63) Women Total cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.27 (95% CI 0.93‐1.74) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.09 (95% CI 0.79‐1.49) Highest exposure: HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.80‐1.44) Stomach cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.32 (95% CI 0.59‐2.94) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.64 (95% CI 0.26‐1.63) Highest exposure: HR 1.08 (95% CI 0.50‐2.33) Lung cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.83 (95% CI 0.68‐4.96) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.46 (95% CI 0.54‐3.95) Highest exposure: HR 1.59 (95% CI 0.63‐4.05) Colorectal cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.98 (95% CI 0.32‐2.97) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.96 (95% CI 0.78‐4.95) Highest exposure: HR 1.49 (95% CI 0.60‐3.71) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Lee 2007 | Reference category: lowest exposure Men Colorectal cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.80 (95% CI 0.57‐1.06) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.00 (95% CI 0.73‐1.35) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 1.04 (95% CI 0.78‐1.40) Highest exposure: RR 0.96 (95% CI 0.71‐1.29) Colon cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.73 (95% CI 0.47‐1.14) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.09 (95% CI 0.75‐1.59) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 1.06 (95% CI 0.74‐1.53) Highest exposure: RR 0.92 (95% CI 0.63‐1.33) Rectal cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.93 (95% CI 0.53‐1.67) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.81 (95% CI 0.47‐1.39) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 1.01 (95% CI 0.60‐1.67) Highest exposure: RR 1.04 (95% CI 0.63‐1.72) Women Colorectal cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.01 (95% CI 0.67‐1.52) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.81 (95% CI 0.55‐1.22) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 0.96 (95% CI 0.66‐1.40) Highest exposure: RR 1.02 (95% CI 0.70‐1.47) Colon cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.97 (95% CI 0.57‐1.63) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.81 (95% CI 0.49‐1.35) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 0.99 (95% CI 0.62‐1.57) Highest exposure: RR 1.10 (95% CI 0.70‐1.73) Rectal cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.09 (95% CI 0.56‐2.13) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.81 (95% CI 0.42‐1.57) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 0.92 (95% CI 0.49‐1.71) Highest exposure: RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.45‐1.61) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Li 2008 | Reference category: lowest exposure Lung cancer All participants Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.14 (95% CI 0.80‐1.62) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.83‐1.66) Highest exposure: HR 1.17 (95% CI 0.85‐1.61) Men Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.05 (95% CI 0.70‐1.57) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.21 (95% CI 0.82‐1.79) Highest exposure: HR 1.17 (95% CI 0.82‐1.68) Women Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.48 (95% CI 0.71‐3.10) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.11 (95% CI 0.52‐2.37) Highest exposure: HR 1.30 (95% CI 0.65‐2.60) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Li 2018 | Reference category: lowest exposure Lung cancer Highest exposure: HR 1.88 (95% CI 0.93‐3.77) |
Low risk: Selection: 3/4 stars, exposure based on self‐report not within a structured interview or questionnaire. Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 8/9 stars, moderate quality. |
| Lin 2008 | Reference category: lowest exposure Pancreatic cancer mortality All participants Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.04 (95% CI 0.67‐1.60) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.14 (95% CI 0.80‐1.63) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 0.99 (95% CI 0.69‐1.42) Highest exposure: RR 1.23 (95% CI 0.84‐1.80) Men Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.42‐1.51) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.09 (95% CI 0.65‐1.83) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 0.88 (95% CI 0.53‐1.48) Highest exposure: RR 0.95 (95% CI 0.5‐1.65) Women Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.32 (95% CI 0.73‐2.38) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.20 (95% CI 0.73‐1.97) Intermediate exposure 3: RR 1.08 (95% CI 0.66‐1.78) Highest exposure: RR 1.54 (95% CI 0.91‐2.60) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Liu 2016 | Reference category: highest exposure Total cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.85‐1.01) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.85‐0.98) Lowest exposure: HR 0.86 (95%CI 0.79‐0.93) Available also stratified analysis by smoking status, alcohol drinking, rural and urban locality |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk. Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk. Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk. Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Luo 2007 | Reference category: lowest exposure Pancreatic cancer All participants Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.1 (95% CI 0.6‐1.9) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.1 (95% CI 0.7‐1.9) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 1.2 (95% CI 0.7‐2.0) Highest exposure: HR 1.2 (95% CI 0.7‐1.9) Men Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.3 (95% CI 0.6‐2.9) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.4 (95% CI 0.7‐2.9) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 1.5 (95% CI 0.7‐3.1) Highest exposure: HR 1.4 (95% CI 0.7‐2.8) Women Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.9 (95% CI 0.4‐2.1) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.9 (95% CI 0.4‐1.8) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 0.9 (95% CI 0.5‐1.9) Highest exposure: HR 1.0 (95% CI 0.5‐2.0) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Makiuchi 2016 | Reference category: lowest exposure Biliary tract cancer All participants Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.52‐1.04) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.62‐1.21) Highest exposure: HR 0.67 (95% CI 0.46‐0.97) Men Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.48‐1.15) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.58‐1.37) Highest exposure: HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.40‐1.08) Women Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.42‐1.29) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.49‐1.44) Highest exposure: HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.37‐1.20) Gallbladder Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.56 (95% CI 0.32‐0.97) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.88 (95% CI 0.54‐1.45) Highest exposure: HR 0.57 (95% CI 0.32‐1.01) Extrahepatic bile duct cancer Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.83 (95% CI 0.53‐1.31) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.79 (95% CI 0.50‐1.26) Highest exposure: HR 0.69 (95% CI 0.41‐1.15) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Michikawa 2011 | Reference category: lowest exposure Thyroid cancer Men Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.13 (95% CI 0.39‐3.27) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.95 (95% CI 0.33‐2.78) Highest exposure: HR 0.71 (95% CI 0.22‐2.28) Women Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.64 (95% CI 0.37‐1.14) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.70‐1.75) Highest exposure: HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.56‐1.48) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality |
| Montague 2012 | Reference category: lowest exposure Prostate cancer Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.73‐1.56) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.09 (95% CI 0.80‐1.48) Highest exposure: HR 1.08 (95% CI 0.79‐1.48) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Nagano 2001 | Reference category: lowest exposure Total cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.93‐1.1) Highest exposure: RR 0.98 (95% CI 0.89‐1.1) Total solid cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.92‐1.1) Highest exposure: RR 0.98 (95% CI 0.88‐1.1) Stomach cancer (also reported in Sauvaget 2005) Intermediate exposure: RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.82‐1.2) Highest exposure: RR 0.95 (95% CI 0.76‐1.2) Colon cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.76‐1.4) Highest exposure: RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.76‐1.4) Rectal cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 1.3 (95% CI 0.80‐2.0) Highest exposure: RR 1.3 (95% CI 0.77‐2.1) Liver cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 1.1 (95% CI 0.80‐1.4) Highest exposure: RR 0.95 (95% CI 0.69‐1.3) Gallbladder cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 0.9 (95% CI 0.57‐1.7) Highest exposure: RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.66‐2.2) Pancreatic cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 0.8 (95% CI 0.51‐1.4) Highest exposure: RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.45‐1.4) Lung cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.60‐1.0) Highest exposure: RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.59‐1.1) Breast cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.86‐1.8) Highest exposure: RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.67‐1.6) Bladder cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 1.1 (95% CI 0.62‐2.0) Highest exposure: RR 1.1 (95% CI 0.6‐2.1) Haematopoietic cancer Intermediate exposure: RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.75‐1.8) Highest exposure: RR 0.99 (95% CI 0.61‐1.7) Sauvaget 2005: Reference category: lowest exposure Stomach cancer: Intermediate exposure: IRR 1.03 (95% C 0.89–1.19) Highest exposure: IRR 1.06 (95% CI 0.89–1.25) |
Low risk: Nagano 2001 Selection: 3/4 stars, exposure based on self‐report not within a structured interview or questionnaire. Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 8/9 stars, moderate quality. Sauvaget 2005 Selection: 3/4 stars, exposure based on self report not within a structured interview or questionnaire. Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 8/9 stars, moderate quality. |
| Naganuma 2009 | Reference category: lowest exposure All participants Haematopoietic cancer Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.88 (95% CI 0.57‐1.38) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.59‐1.39) Highest exposure: HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.37‐0.89) Lymphoid cancer Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.00 (95% CI 0.61‐1.65) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.92 (95% CI 0.56‐1.52) Highest exposure: HR 0.52 (95% CI 0.31‐1.87) Myeloid cancer Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.57 (95% CI 0.20‐1.64) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.37‐2.23) Highest exposure: HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.32‐1.78) Men Hematopoietic cancer Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.41‐1.35) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.47‐1.46) Highest exposure: HR 0.57 (95% CI 0.32‐1.00) Women Hematopoietic cancer Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.09 (95% CI 0.55‐2.16) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.52‐1.99) Highest exposure: HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.29‐1.16) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Nakachi 2000 | Reference category: lowest exposure Total cancer All participants Intermediate exposure: RR 0.81 (95% CI 0.52‐1.27) Highest exposure: RR 0.59 (95% CI 0.35‐0.98) Men Intermediate exposure: RR 1.00 (95% CI 0.50‐2.04) Highest exposure: RR 0.54 (95% CI 0.22‐1.34) Women Intermediate exposure: RR 0.92 (95% CI 0.64‐1.31) Highest exposure: RR 0.57 (95% CI 0.34‐0.98) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Nakamura 2011 | Pancreatic cancer mortality Reference category: lowest exposure Men Intermediate exposure: HR 2.02 (95% CI 0.61‐6.63) Highest exposure: HR 1.77 (95% CI 0.78‐4.04) Women Intermediate exposure: HR 0.31 (95% CI 0.04‐2.59) Highest exposure: HR 0.59 (95% CI 0.21‐1.61) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Nechuta 2012 | Reference category: lowest exposure Digestive system cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.75‐1.00) Stomach cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.79 (95% CI 0.58‐1.07) Stomach and oesophageal cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.57‐1.03) Colorectal cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.74‐1.12) Colon cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.74‐1.24) Rectal cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.60‐1.17) Liver cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.58‐1.38) Pancreatic cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.62‐1.49) Gallbladder and bile duct cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.73 (95% CI 0.40‐1.35) Yang 2007: Colorectal cancer Highest exposure: RR 0.63 (95% CI 0.45‐0.88) Further divided in: Highest exposure A: RR 0.70 (95% CI 0.47‐1.02) Highest exposure B: RR 0.56 (95% CI 0.32‐0.98) |
Low risk: Nechuta 2012 Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. Yang 2007 Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Oba 2006 | Reference category: lowest exposure Colon cancer Men Intermediate exposure: RR 0.99 (95% CI 0.61–1.63) Highest exposure: RR 0.75 (95% CI 0.49–1.16) Women Intermediate exposure: RR 1.00 (95% CI 0.53–1.86) Highest exposure: RR 1.08 (95% CI 0.67–1.76) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Odegaard 2015 | Reference category: lowest exposure Total cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.00 (95% CI 0.92‐1.08) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.95 (95% CI 0.83‐1.09) Highest exposure: HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.97‐1.25) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Ogawa 2016 | Reference category: lowest exposure Brain cancer All participants Intermediate exposure: HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.58‐1.59) Highest exposure: HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.70‐1.62) Men Intermediate exposure: HR 1.19 (95% CI 0.59–2.40) Highest exposure: HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.51–1.81) Women Intermediate exposure: HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.35–1.55) Highest exposure: HR 1.17 (95% CI 0.66–2.06) Glioma Intermediate exposure: HR 1.12 (95% CI 0.51–2.43) Highest exposure: HR 1.05 (95% CI 0.54–2.05) Meningioma Intermediate exposure: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.38–2.12) Highest exposure: HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.49–2.08) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Saito 2015 | Reference category: lowest exposure Total cancer mortality Men Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.09 (95% CI 0.97‐1.22) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.03 (95% CI 0.92‐1.16) Highest exposure: HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.93‐1.17) Women Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.73‐1.01) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.80‐1.07) Highest exposure: HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.75‐1.01) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Severson 1989 | Prostate cancer Reference category: lowest exposure Highest exposure: RR 1.47 (95% CI 0.99‐2.19) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 1/2 stars, the study did not control for smoking Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 8/9 stars, moderate quality. |
| Shimazu 2008 | Reference category: lowest exposure Endometrial cancer Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.62‐1.74) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.79 (95% CI 0.47‐1.35) Higest exposure: HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.44‐1.30) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Sun 2007 | Reference category: lowest exposure Colorectal cancer All participants Exposure assessment A: green tea intake Highest exposure: RR 1.12 (95% CI 0.97–1.29) Exposure assessment B: green tea intake Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.05 (95% CI 0.84–1.31) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.11 (95% CI 0.92–1.35) Highest exposure: RR 1.18 (95% CI 0.97–1.45) Men Exposure assessment A: green tea intake Highest exposure: RR 1.31 (95% CI 1.08–1.58) Exposure assessment B: green tea intake Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.32 (95% CI 0.98–1.78) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.25 (95% CI 0.98–1.61) Highest exposure: RR 1.36 (95% CI 1.06–1.74) Women Exposure assessment A: green tea intake Highest exposure: RR 0.89 (95% CI 0.71–1.12) Exposure assessment B: green tea intake Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.56–1.13) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.96 (95% CI 0.71–1.31) Highest exposure: RR 0.91 (95% CI 0.63–1.32) Reported stratified analysis in colon cancer and rectal cancer, only in men. Reported stratified analysi by localised and advanced disease. Reported nondrinkers vs. drinkers: Men with colon cancer Localised Highest exposure: RR 1.23 (95% CI 0.81–1.87) Advanced Highest exposure: RR 1.75 (95% CI 1.24–2.46) Men with rectal cancer: Localised Highest exposure: RR 1.17 (95% CI 0.75–1.81) Advanced Highest exposure: RR 1.32 (95% CI 0.90–1.91) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Suzuki 2004 | Reference category: lowest exposure Breast cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.87 (95% CI 0.57‐1.32) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.07 (95% CI 0.73‐1.57) Highest exposure: RR 0.84 (95% CI 0.57‐1.24) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Suzuki 2005 | Reference category: lowest exposure All participants Colon cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.06 (95% CI 0.74‐1.52) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.10 (95% CI 0.78‐1.55) Highest exposure: RR 0.97 (95% CI 0.70‐1.35) Rectal cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.56‐1.29) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.70 (95% CI 0.45‐1.08) Highest exposure: RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.58‐1.23) Men Colon cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.32 (95% CI 0.83‐2.10) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.35 (95% CI 0.86‐2.12) Highest exposure: RR 1.12 (95% CI 0.72‐1.74) Rectal cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.50‐1.45) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.58 (95% CI 0.32‐1.04) Highest exposure: RR 0.62 (95% CI 0.38‐1.02) Women Colon cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.43‐1.40) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.45‐1.35) Highest exposure: RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.49‐1.29) Rectal cancer Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.81 (95% CI 0.40‐1.66) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.95 (95% CI 0.48‐1.89) Highest exposure: RR 1.30 (95% CI 0.70‐2.42) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Suzuki 2009 | Reference category: lowest exposure All participants Total cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.63 (95% CI 0.34–1.16) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.76 (95% CI 0.42–1.37) Highest exposure: RR 0.82 (95% CI 0.45–1.50) Stomach cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.49 (95% CI 0.11–2.28) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.19–3.30) Highest exposure: RR 0.81 (95% CI 0.18–3.54) Lung cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.19–3.74) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.13 (95% CI 0.27–4.68) Highest exposure: RR 1.24 (95% CI 0.29–5.25) Colorectal cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.47 (95% CI 0.10–2.18) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.35 (95% CI 0.08–1.55) Highest exposure: RR 0.36 (95% CI 0.07–1.74) Men Total cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: RR 0.61 (95% CI 0.32–1.17) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 0.69 (95% CI 0.37–1.27) Highest exposure: RR 0.82 (95% CI 0.44–1.55) Women Total cancer mortality Intermediate exposure 1: RR 1.14 (95% CI 0.15–8.82) Intermediate exposure 2: RR 1.85 (95% CI 0.25–13.57) Highest exposure: RR 1.31 (95% CI 0.17–10.01) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Tamura 2018 | Reference category: lowest quartile Liver cancer Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.36 (95% CI 0.86‐2.16) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.08 (95% CI 0.60‐1.94) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.51‐1.11) Highest exposure: HR 1.25 (95% CI 0.77‐2.04) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Ugai 2017 | Reference category: lowest exposure Malignant lymphoma All participants Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.53–1.31) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.38 (95% CI 0.92–1.94) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.76–1.59) Highest exposure: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.61–1.29) Men Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.44–1.50) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.45 (95% CI 0.87–2.39) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 1.21 (95% CI 0.73–2.00) Highest exposure: HR 1.08 (95% CI 0.65–1.79) Women Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.45–1.69) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.21 (95% CI 0.70–2.11) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.56–1.67) Highest exposure: HR 0.67 (95% CI 0.38–1.19) Multiple myeloma All participants Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.98 (95% CI 0.47–2.03) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.43–1.66) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.64–2.20) Highest exposure: HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.38–1.41) Men Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.29–2.28) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.31–1.94) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 1.13 (95% CI 0.49–2.61) Highest exposure: HR 0.55 (95% CI 0.22–1.37) Women Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.41–3.44) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.34–2.53) Intermediate exposure 3: HR 1.25 (95% CI 0.50–3.15) Highest exposure: HR 0.92 (95% CI 0.36–2.38) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Ugai 2018 | Reference category: lowest exposure Acute myeloid leukaemia All participants Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.44–1.90) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.19 (95% CI 0.62–2.31) Highest exposure: HR 1.20 (95% CI 0.62–2.32) Men Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.24–1.76) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.26 (95% CI 0.56–2.84) Highest exposure: HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.36–2.06) Women Intermediate exposure 1: HR 1.53 (95% CI 0.50–4.69) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.08 (95% CI 0.34–3.44) Highest exposure: HR 1.96 (95% CI 0.68–5.67) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Ui 2009 | Reference category: lowest exposure Liver cancer All participants Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.78 (95% CI 0.54–1.12) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.98 (95% CI 0.69–1.37) Highest exposure: HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.41–0.83) Men Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.83 (95% CI 0.53–1.30) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 1.11 (95% CI 0.73–1.68) Highest exposure: HR 0.63 (95% CI 0.41–0.98) Women Intermediate exposure 1: HR 0.68 (95% CI 0.35–1.31) Intermediate exposure 2: HR 0.79 (95% CI 0.44–1.44) Highest exposure: HR 0.50 (95% CI 0.27–0.90) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Yang 2011a | Reference category: lowest exposure Exposure assessment A: intake of green tea Colorectal cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.59‐1.01) Colon cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.69 (95% CI 0.48‐0.98) Rectal cancer Highest exposure: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.59‐1.34) Exposure assessment B: consumption of green tea Intermediate exposure: HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.46‐0.93) Highest exposure: HR 0.85 (95% CI 0.62‐1.15) Data also available stratified by smoking status (non‐smokers and smokers) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |
| Zhao 2017 | Reference category: lowest exposure Total cancer mortality All participants Exposure assessment A: intake of green tea Highest exposure: HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.93–1.10) Exposure assessment B: consumption of green tea Intermediate exposure: HR 0.98 (95% CI 0.87‐1.10) Highest exposure: HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.95‐1.14) Men Exposure assessment A: intake of green tea Highest exposure: HR 1.06 (95% CI 0.94‐1.19) Exposure assessment B: consumption of green tea Intermediate exposure: HR 1.06 (95% CI 0.92‐1.22) Highest exposure: HR 1.06 (95% CI 0.93‐1.21) Women Exposure assessment A: intake of green tea Highest exposure: HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.86–1.08) Exposure assessment B: consumption of green tea Intermediate exposure: HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.67‐1.01) Highest exposure: HR 1.03 (95% CI 0.91‐1.17) |
Low risk: Selection: 4/4 stars, low risk Comparability: 2/2 stars, low risk Outcome: 3/3 stars, low risk Total score: 9/9 stars, high quality. |