7. Methodological quality of experimental studies.
| Study | Random sequence generation | Allocationconcealment | Blinding of participants and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting | Other bias |
| Bettuzzi 2006 | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk: PSA levels Unclear risk: prostate cancer and LUTS |
Low risk: prostate cancer and PSA levels Unclear risk: LUTS |
Unclear risk | Low risk |
| Dostal 2015 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk | Unclear risk |
| Dryden 2013 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk | High risk |
| Garcia 2014 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk | Low risk |
| Garland 2006 | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk |
| Kumar 2015 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk: prostate cancer and PSA levels Unclear risk: LUTS |
Low risk | Unclear risk |
| Lane 2018 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Unclear risk (all outcomes) | High risk | Unclear risk |
| Micali 2017 | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Unclear risk | High risk |
| Roshdy 2013 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Unclear risk (all outcomes) | Low risk | Unclear risk |
| Sinicrope 2017 | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk (al outcomes) | Unclear risk (all outcomes) | Low risk (all outcomes) | Low risk | Low risk |
| Tsao 2009 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk (al outcomes) | Low risk: other outcomes Unclear risk: oral lesions |
Unclear risk (all outcomes) | Unclear risk | Low risk |
| LUTS: lower urinary tract symptoms; PSA: prostate‐specific antigens | |||||||