1. Participants: sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
|
Study Country |
Multicentrica |
Age (years) mean ± SD |
Number of participantsb (% female) |
Education (years) mean ± SD |
Baseline MMSE mean ± SD |
Mean follow‐up (years) | No. of MCI converters to AD dementia (%) | No. of stable MCI (%) | No. of MCI who converted to other dementia (%) |
|
Carmichael 2007 USA |
No | 86.6 ± 5.9 | 29 (69%) | ‐ | 91.6 ± 5.5c | 3.2 | 12 (45%) | 12 (41%) | 4 (14%) |
|
Caroli 2007 Italy |
No | 70.2 ± 6.7 | 23 (43%) | 9.7 ± 4.75 | 26.9 ± 2.0 | 1.6 | 9 (39%) | 14 (61%) | 1 (4%)d |
|
Clerx 2013a Europe |
Yes | 70.6 ± 7.6 | 328 (52%) | 10.0 ± 3.8 | 27.0 ± 2.5 | 2.0 | 91 (28%) | 225 (69%) | 12 (3%)e |
| deToledo‐Morell 2004 USA | No | 81.7 ± 6.9 | 27 (56%) | 16.4 ± 3.1 | 27.3 ± 1.8 | 3.0 | 10 (37%) | 17 (63%) | ‐ |
|
Devanand 2007 USA |
No | 66.8 ± 9.7 | 139 (56%) | 15.2 ± 4.2 | 27.5 ± 2.2 | 3.0 | 35 (25%) | 104 (75%) | 2 (1%)d |
| Eckerstrom 2008 Sweden | No | 67.9 ± 6.7 | 42 (57%) | 11.4 ± 3.6 | ‐ | 2.0 | 13 (31%) | 21 (50%) | 8 (19%) |
| Eckerstrom 2013 Sweden | No | 69.6 ± 6.9 | 42 (57%) (34 included in analysis) |
10.2 ± 3.2 | 27.7 ± 2.6 | 2.0 | 13 (31%) | 21 (50%) | 8 (19%) |
|
Erten‐Lyons 2006 USA |
No | 86.9 ± 6.6 | 37 (70%) | 13.7 ± 3.7 | 27.3 ± 1.5 | 7.6 | 22 (59%) | 14 (38%) | 1 (3%) |
|
Frolich 2017 Germany |
Yes | 65.7 ± 9 | 115 (42%) | 9.5 ± 1.9 | 27.0 ± 2.1 | 2.2 | 28 (24%) | 87 (76%) | ‐ |
|
Galton 2005 UK |
No | 63.7 ± 9.9 | 29 (48%) | ‐ | 26.9 ± 2.4 | 1.6 | 11 (38%) | 18 (62%) | 2 (6%)d |
|
Gaser 2013 USA, Canada |
Yes | 75.2 ± 6.9 | 195 (33%) | 16.0 ± 2.7 | 27.0 ± 1.8 | 3.0 | 133 (68%) | 62 (32%) | ‐ |
|
Herukka 2008 Finland |
No | 71.2 ± 4.5 | 21 (67%) | ‐ | ‐ | 4.2 | 8 (38%) | 13 (62%) | ‐ |
|
Jack 2000 USA |
No | 77.6 ± 8.2 | 43 (53%) | 13.6 ± 3.2 | 25.7 ± 3.3 | 3.0 | 18 (42%) | 25 (58%) | ‐ |
|
Jang 2018 USA, Canada |
Yes | 71.3 ± 7.4 | 340 (47%) | 16 (14‐18f) | 29 (27‐29)f | 3.0f | 69 (20%) | 271 (80%) | ‐ |
|
Khan 2015 USA, Canada, Europe |
Yes | 74.9 ± 6.9 | 447 (40%) | 14.2 ± 4.5 | 27.0 ± 1.4 | 1.0 | 90 (20%) | 357 (80%) | ‐ |
|
Ledig 2018 USA, Canada |
Yes | 74.3 in MCI c, 74.4 in MCI ncf | 343 (41%) | ‐ | 26 in MCI c, 28 in MCI non cf | 2.0 | 177 (52%) | 166 (48%) | ‐ |
|
Liu 2010 Europe |
Yes | 73.6 ± 5.8 | 100 (53%) | 9.0 ± 4.0 | 27.0 ± 2.0 | 1.0 | 21 (21%) | 79 (79%) | ‐ |
| Monge Argilés 2014 Spain | No | 72.9 ± 6.9 | 30 (60%) | ‐ | 23.5 ± 2.0 | 2.0 | 15 (50%) | 15 (50%) | ‐ |
|
Nesteruk 2016 Poland |
No | 63.2 ± 9.6 | 40 (55%) | 13.9 ± 2.9 | 27.5 ± 1.7 | 2.0 | 9 (22%) | 31 (78%) | ‐ |
|
Ong 2015 Australia |
Yes | 72.7 ± 6.6 | 45 (‐) | 13.6 ± 3.7 | 27.3 ± 1.9 | 2.0 | 20 (44%) | 21 (47%) | 4 (9%) |
|
Pereira 2014 USA, Canada, Europe |
Yes | 74.9 ± 7.3 | 480 (40%) | 13.9 ± 4.6 | 27.0 ± 1.4 | 1.0 | 95 (20%) | 385 (80%) | ‐ |
|
Platero 2019 Spain |
Yes | 74.1 ± 5.2 | 97 (63%) | 8.5 ± 4.3 | 26.5 ± 2.7 | 3.0 | 36 (37%) | 61 (63%) | ‐ |
|
Prestia 2013 Italy, Netherlands, Sweden |
Yes | 66.2 ± 9.4 | 73 (56%) | ‐ | 27.2 ± 1.5 | 2.4 | 29 (40%) | 44 (60%) | Not reportede |
| Prestia 2013 (ADNI) USA, Canada, Italy (only data from Italy were used, see Table 3) | Yes | 73.6 ± 8.6 | 93 (47%) (36 included in analysis) |
‐ | 26.9 ± 1.7 | 2.7 | 18 (50%) | 18 (50%) | Not reportede |
| Prieto del Val 2016 Spain | Yes | 69.0 ± 7.0 | 34 (65%) | 7.5 ± 5.7 | 26.6 ± 2.4 | 2.0 | 16 (47%) | 18 (53%) | ‐ |
|
Rhodius‐Meester 2016 Netherlands |
No | 70.6 ± 7.3 | 171 (46%) | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 26.7 ± 1.9 | 3.0f | 104 (61%) | 67 (39%) | 23e |
| VanderFlier 2005 Netherlands | No | 75.0 ± 7.0 | 15 (71%) | 10.0 ± 3.0 | 26.0 ± 2.0 | 1.8 | 9 (60%) | 6 (40%) | ‐ |
| Visser 1999 Netherlands | No | 78.8 ± 4.5 | 13 (54%) | 7.4 ± 2.3 | 22.4 ± 2.3 | 3.0 | 9 (69%) | 4 (31%) | ‐ |
| Visser 2002 Netherlands | No | 64.9 ± 9.5 | 29 (42%) | 10.7 ± 3.2 | 27.7 ± 1.8 | 1.9 | 7 (23%) | 20 (67%) | 3 (1%) |
|
Wang 2006 Taiwan |
No | 76.3 ± 4.0 | 58 (26%) | 11.8 ± 4.3 | 25.9 ± 2.9 | 1.8 | 19 (33%) | 39 (67%) | ‐ |
|
Westman 2011 Europe (6 countries) |
Yes | 74.0 ± 5.8 | 101 (52%) | 8.7 ± 4.3 | 27.2 ± 1.6 | 1.0 | 19 (19%) | 82 (81%) | ‐ |
|
Wolz 2011 USA, Canada |
Yes | 74.7 ± 7.9 | 405 (35%) | 15.6 ± 3.2 | 27.0 ± 1.9 | 1.5 | 167 (41%) | 238 (59%) | ‐ |
|
Wood 2016 UK |
Yes | 69.1 ± 4.5 | 15 (27%) | 11.7 ± 1.0 | 27.7 ± 1.3 | 2.0 | 9 (60%) | 6 (40%) | ‐ |
| AD: Alzheimer's disease; MCI: mild cognitive impairment; MCI c: MCI converted to AD; MCI nc: MCI not converted to AD; MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; SD: standard deviation | |||||||||
aAll studies were conducted at memory clinics or tertiary centres. bNumber of participants reported in this table are those used in the meta‐analysis. cModified Mini Mental State Examination. dCases excluded from the analysis. eCases excluded a priori from the study. fMedian value was available instead of mean.