2. Disease and treatment‐related variables.
| Characteristics of study | Risk factors | ||||||
| Study ID | Tumour type | Dependent factor | Age at diagnosis | Years of follow‐up | Relapse | Diagnosis | Treatment |
| Barrera 2012 | Bone tumour | Fatigue (continuous) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | S (type of surgery; LS mean 22.81 vs AMP mean 9.88) |
| Calaminus 2014 | HL | Fatigue (continuous) | NS (no further information) | NS (time since diagnosis, no further information) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Crom 1999 | Mix | Fatigue (continuous) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | S (HL with mantle radiation, no further information) | ‐ |
| Hamre 2013a | ALL, HL, NHL | Severe fatigue | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | NSa (ALL = ref; HL OR = 1.7; NHL OR = 1.5) | ‐ |
| Harila 2010 | ALL | Fatigue (continuous) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | NS (irradiated mean 77 vs non‐irradiated mean 73) |
| Ho 2019b | Mix | Fatigue (continuous) | ‐ | Sa (time since end of therapy; 7 ‐ 12 yrs; b = −0.14) NSa (time since end of therapy; 13 ‐ 18 yrs; b = −0.13) |
‐ | NSa (7 ‐ 12 yrs; b = −0.01; 13 ‐ 18 yrs; b = −0.05) | NSa (7 ‐ 12 yrs; b = −0.11; 13 ‐ 18 yrs; b = 0.08) |
| Johannsdottir 2012 | AML, IA, WT | Severe fatigue | ‐ | NS (time since diagnosis, no further information) | ‐ | S (ref = GP; AML OR = 1.63; IA OR = 2.56; WT OR = 2.98) | NS (treatment modalities, not further specified) |
| Khan 2014 | ALL | Mild to severe fatigue | ‐ | ‐ | Sa,c (OR = 8.35) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Langeveld 2003 | Mix | Fatigue (continuous) | NSa (b = 0.06) | NSa (time since end of therapy; b = 0.02) | ‐ | NSa,d (solid tumour b = 0.02; CNS tumour b = −0.08) | NSa (ref = CT; RT b = 0.01; RT and CT b = 0.04) Sa,d (CRT, b = −0.16) |
| Meeske 2005 | ALL | Moderate to severe fatigue | NS (≤ 3 yrs = ref; 4 ‐ 6 yrs OR = 0.62; 7 ‐ 9 yrs OR = 1.26; ≥ 10 yr OR = 1.04) | NS (time since end of therapy; ref = ≤ 10 yrs; 11 ‐ 15 yrs OR = 0.64; ≥ 16 yrs OR = 0.87 | S (OR = 2.68) | ‐ | NS CRT (ref = 0 Gy; 18 Gy OR = 1.93; ≥ 24 Gy OR = 2.14) Anthracycline (ref = 0mg/m2; 75 ‐ 349 mg/m2 OR = 0.82; ≥ 350 mg/m2 OR = 1.96) BMT (OR = 0.76) |
| Mört 2011 | Mix | Fatigue (continuous) | NS (0 ‐ 4 yrs median 81.94 vs 5 ‐ 9 yrs median 83.33 vs 10 ‐ 12 yrs median 84.72) | NSa (time since diagnosis; ref = ≤ 10 yrs; > 10 yrs b = −3.6) | NS (yes median 86.81 vs no median 81.94) | Sa(ref = leukaemia; NHL b = −2.49; sarcoma b = −14.28; NBL b = −2.3; other b = −0.85) | NSa (ref = surgery alone; CT b = −4.2; RT b = −8.73; SCT b = −3.17; other b = −5.09) |
| Mulrooney 2008 | Mix | Fatigued | NSa (ref = 15+; 10 ‐ 14 yrs OR = 0.8; 5 ‐ 9 yrs OR = 0.9; 0 ‐ 4 yrs OR = 0.7) | ‐ | ‐ | NSa (ref = ALL; CNS OR = 1.3; HL OR = 1.2; STS OR = 1.0; Bone OR = 1.3) | Sa (RT: OR = 1.7) NSa (CT: OR = 1.0) |
| Puhr 2019 | CNS | Severe fatigue | NS (no further information) | S (time since end of therapy; fatigued mean 10.95 yrs vs non‐fatigued 14.32 yrs) | ‐ | NS (type of brain tumour; no further information) | S (surgery, CRT and chemotherapy; fatigued 26.9% vs non‐fatigued 8.3%) |
| Tremolada 2018 | Mix | Fatigue (continuous) | NS (r = 0.218) | NS (time since end of therapy; r = −0.012) | NS (r = −0.200) | NS (r = −0.042) | ‐ |
| Van Dijk 2008 | Mix | Fatigue (continuous) | NS (< 12 yrs mean 53.7 vs ≥ 12 yrs mean 49.8) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Zeller 2014a | ALL, HL, NHL | Persistent severe fatigue | ‐ | NS (time since diagnosis; cases mean 23 yrs vs controls mean 24 yrs) | ‐ | ‐ | NS (RT; cases n = 13 vs controls n = 14) |
Disease and treatment‐related risk factors for fatigue. Presented results are from univariable analyses, unless multivariable analyses were available. In that case, we present only the results of the multivariable analyses in this table. More information about the effect estimates can be found in the Characteristics of included studies tables.
ALL: acute lymphoblastoma leukaemia; AML: acute myeloid leukaemia; AMP: amputation; b: beta coefficient regression; BMT: bone marrow transplant; CNS: central nervous system tumour; CT: chemotherapy; GP: general population; HL: Hodgkins lymphoma; IA: infratentorial astrocytoma; NA: not applicable; NHL: non‐Hodgkins lymphoma; NS: non‐significant; LS: limb salvage; MD: mean difference; Mix: covering a broad range of childhood cancer diagnoses; NBL: neuroblastoma; OR: odds ratio; r: correlation coefficient; RT: radiotherapy; CRT: cranial irradiation; S: significant; STS: soft tissue sarcoma; WT: Wilms tumour
aresults of multivariable analyses. bHo 2019 performed separate analysis for survivors aged 7‐12 years and 13‐18 years at the time of fatigue assessment. cfor Khan 2014, it was unclear which other variables were included in the multivariable model. dLangeveld 2003 made the variable diagnosis with Leukaemia/non‐Hodgkins lymphoma without CRT as reference group and leukaemia/non‐Hodgkins lymphoma with CRT, solid tumour and brain/CNS tumour as comparison groups. In the analysis they found a significant reduction in fatigue between leukaemia/non‐Hodgkins lymphoma with CRT and the reference group and no significant effect for the other diagnosis groups.