4. Clinical and psychological variables part 1.
| Characteristics of study | Associated factors | ||||||||
| Study ID | Tumour type | Dependent factor | Depression | Sleep problems | Pain | Post‐traumatic stress | BMI | Physical activity | Late effects |
| Gordijn 2013 | ALL | Fatigue (continuous) | S (r = −0.45) | S (CSHQ parent, r = −0.60 ; ASHQ, parent form r = −0.74) NS (CSHQ child form, r = −0.44; ASHQ child form, r = −0.47) |
‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Hamre 2013a | ALL, NHL, HL | Severe fatigue | Sa,b (mental distress; OR = 1.15) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | NS (≥ 30 kg/m2; OR = 1.8) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Ho 2019c | Mix | Fatigue (continuous) | Sa (7 ‐ 12 yrs b = 0.21; 13 ‐ 18 yrs b = 0.23) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Sa (7 ‐ 12 yrs b = −0.56; 13 ‐ 18 yrs b = −0.51) | ‐ |
| Langeveld 2003 | Mix | Fatigue (continuous) | Sa (b = 0.54) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Sa (b = 0.14) |
| Meeske 2005 | ALL | Moderate to severe fatigue | S (OR = 32.9) | Sa (OR = 6.15) | Sa (OR = 5.56) | ‐ | Sa (obesity; OR = 3.80) | ‐ | S (OR = 1.73) |
| Mulrooney 2008 | Mix | Fatigued | Sa (OR = 7.5) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | NSa (BMI 30+ kg/m2; OR = 1.3) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Ruccione 2013 | Mix | Fatigue (continuous) | S (r = 0.64) | ‐ | S (r = 0.42) | S (r = 0.65) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Rueegg 2013 | Mix | Fatigued | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | NSa (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; OR = 1.44) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Verberne 2012 | CNS | Fatigue (continuous) | ‐ | S (DOES r = −0.78; SWTD r = −0.37) NS (DIMS r = −0.15; SHY r = −0.08; daytime sleepiness r = −0.30) |
‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Zeller 2014ad | ALL, NHL, HL | Persistent severe fatigue | Sa (OR = 1.3) | NSa (insomnia, no further information) | NSa (no further information) | ‐ | NS (cases mean 25.1 vs controls mean 24.6) | NSa (number of steps per day, no further information) | ‐ |
Clinical and psychological variables associated with fatigue. Presented results are from univariable analyses, unless multivariable analyses were available. In that case, we present only the results of the multivariable analyses in this table. More detailed information about the effect estimates can be found in the Characteristics of included studies tables.
ALL: acute lymphoblastoma leukaemia; ASHQ: Adolescent Sleep Habits Questionnaire; b: beta coefficient linear regression; BMI: body mass index; CNS: central nervous system tumour; CSHQ: Childrens Sleep Habits Questionnaire; DIMS: disorders maintaining sleep; DOES: disorders of excessive somnolence; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale; HL: Hodgkins lymphoma; Mix: covering a broad range of childhood cancer diagnoses; NHL: non‐Hodgkins lymphoma; NS: non‐significant; OR: odds ratio; r: correlation coefficient; S: Significant; SHY: sleep hyperhydrosis; SWTD: sleep wake transition disorder
aresults of multivariable analyses. bmental distress was assessed with the HADS questionnaire for depression and anxiety. cHo 2019 performed separate analysis for survivors aged 7‐12 years and 13‐18 years at the time of fatigue assessment.
dZeller 2014a is a longitudinal study. Therefore, the investigated factors can be interpreted as risk factors instead of associated factors.