Table 2.
Characteristics of Women With and Without Exposure to Metabolic Syndrome by First Cognitive Assessment
| Characteristics | Total (N = 2149) | No MetS (N = 1514) | MetS (N = 635) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic factors | Age at cognitive baseline, mean ± SD | 50.7 ± 2.9 | 50.6 ± 2.8 | 51.1 ± 3.2 | <0.001a | |
| Site–race/ethnicity, n (%) | Boston black | 116 (5.4) | 79 (5.2) | 37 (5.8) | <0.001 | |
| Boston white | 211 (9.8) | 162 (10.7) | 49 (7.7) | |||
| Chicago black | 134 (6.2) | 83 (5.5) | 51 (8.0) | |||
| Chicago white | 142 (6.6) | 97 (6.4) | 45 (7.1) | |||
| Los Angeles Japanese | 238 (11.1) | 181 (12.0) | 57 (9.0) | |||
| Los Angeles white | 171 (8.0) | 143 (9.4) | 28 (4.4) | |||
| Michigan black | 198 (9.2) | 123 (8.1) | 75 (11.8) | |||
| Michigan white | 136 (6.3) | 79 (5.2) | 57 (9.0) | |||
| New Jersey Hispanic | 80 (3.7) | 51 (3.4) | 29 (4.6) | |||
| New Jersey white | 47 (2.2) | 31 (2.0) | 16 (2.5) | |||
| Oakland Chinese | 208 (9.7) | 153 (10.1) | 55 (8.7) | |||
| Oakland white | 151 (7.0) | 107 (7.1) | 44 (6.9) | |||
| Pittsburgh black | 103 (4.8) | 71 (4.7) | 32 (5.0) | |||
| Pittsburgh white | 214 (10.0) | 154 (10.2) | 60 (9.4) | |||
| Married, n (%) | Yes | 1465 (68.2) | 1055 (69.7) | 410 (64.6) | 0.027 | |
| No | 656 (30.5) | 437 (28.9) | 219 (34.5) | |||
| Missing | 28 (1.3) | 22 (1.5) | 6 (0.9) | |||
| College education, n (%) | Yes | 1045 (48.6) | 777 (51.3) | 268 (42.2) | 0.001 | |
| No | 1187 (50.6) | 726 (48.0) | 361 (56.9) | |||
| Missing | 17 (0.8) | 11 (0.7) | 6 (0.9) | |||
| Financial strain, n (%) | No | 1412 (65.7) | 1031 (68.1) | 381 (60.0) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 725 (33.7) | 472 (31.2) | 253 (39.8) | |||
| Missing | 12 (0.6) | 11 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | |||
| Lifestyle, mood, and menopausal factors | Smoker, n (%) | No | 1839 (85.6) | 1315 (86.9) | 524 (82.5) | 0.016 |
| Yes | 258 (12.0) | 162 (10.7) | 96 (15.1) | |||
| Missing | 52 (2.4) | 37 (2.4) | 15 (2.4) | |||
| Alcohol servings/week, n (%) | None | 1019 (47.4) | 649 (42.9) | 370 (58.3) | <0.001 | |
| 1–7 | 955 (44.4) | 730 (48.3) | 225 (35.4) | |||
| > 7 | 116 (5.4) | 89 (5.9) | 27 (4.3) | |||
| Missing | 59 (2.7) | 46 (3.0) | 13 (2.0) | |||
| Physical activity score, mean ± SD | n = 2120b | 7.8 ± 1.7 | 7.9 ± 1.7 | 7.4 ± 1.7 | <0.001a | |
| Depressive symptom score, mean ± SD | n = 2137b | 8.6 ± 8.6 | 8.4 ± 8.5 | 8.9 ± 8.8 | 0.222 | |
| Anxiety symptom score, mean ± SD | n = 2096b | 2.2 ± 2.2 | 2.1 ± 2.1 | 2.3 ± 2.4 | 0.108 | |
| Sleep difficulty | No | 1313 (61.1) | 958 (63.3) | 355 (55.9) | 0.002 | |
| Yes | 781 (36.3) | 515 (34.0) | 266 (41.9) | |||
| Missing | 55 (2.6) | 41 (2.7) | 14 (2.2) | |||
| Vasomotor symptoms days/2 weeks, n (%) | 6–14 | 413 (19.2) | 274 (18.1) | 139 (21.9) | 0.215 | |
| 1–5 | 674 (31.4) | 481 (31.8) | 193 (30.4) | |||
| None | 1010 (47.0) | 720 (47.6) | 290 (45.7) | |||
| Missing | 52 (2.4) | 39 (2.6) | 13 (2.0) | |||
| Menopausal stages | hormone therapy (HT), n (%) | Premenopause | 148 (6.9) | 107 (7.1) | 41 (6.5) | 0.085 | |
| Early perimenopause | 960 (44.7) | 682 (45.0) | 278 (43.8) | |||
| Late perimenopause | 211 (9.8) | 142 (9.4) | 69 (10.9) | |||
| Postmenopause | no HT | 355 (16.5) | 239 (15.8) | 116 (18.3) | |||
| Postmenopause | +HT | 126 (5.9) | 96 (6.3) | 30 (4.7) | |||
| Bilateral oophorectomy | no HT | 11 (0.5) | 5 (0.3) | 6 (0.9) | |||
| Bilateral oophorectomy | +HT | 48 (2.2) | 39 (2.6) | 9 (1.4) | |||
| Partial hysterectomy | 42 (2.0) | 26 (1.7) | 16 (2.5) | |||
| Undetermined | 249 (11.5) | 178 (11.8) | 70(11.1) |
Abbreviation: MetS, metabolic syndrome; SD, standard deviation.
a P-values from 2 sample t-test, except for depressive symptom & anxiety symptom scores (2-sided Wilcoxon test).
b n different from total n = 2149.