Table 3.

Change in Perceptual Speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT (30)) Over Time in Women With and Without Exposure to Metabolic Syndrome Before Their Cognitive Baseline

		Without Practice Effects			With Practice Effects
	Effects	Estimate	(95% CI)	P Value	Estimate	(95% CI)	P Value
Model 1	Intercept	0.132	(0.084; 0.179)	<0.001	0.020	(–0.028; 0.069)	0.411
	Practice	-		-	0.222	(0.194; 0.249)	<0.001
	Time (10-year)	0.023	(–0.009; 0.055)	0.158	–0.383	(–0.441; –0.326)	<0.001
	MetS	–0.141	(–0.228; –0.053)	0.002	–0.131	(–0.218; –0.044)	0.003
	MetS over time	–0.083	(–0.146; –0.020)	0.010	–0.090	(–0.153; –0.027)	0.005
Model 2	Intercept	0.394	(0.259; 0.529)	<0.001	0.297	(0.163; 0.432)	<0.001
	Practice	-		-	0.203	(0.175; 0.231)	<0.001
	Time (10-year)	0.022	(–0.010; 0.054)	0.1476	–0.352	(–0.411; –0.294)	<0.001
	MetS	–0.015	(–0.090; 0.060)	0.701	–0.010	(–0.085; 0.064)	0.786
	MetS over time	–0.083	(–0.146; –0.020)	0.010	–0.090	(–0.153; –0.027)	0.005
Model 3	Intercept	0.455	(0.307; 0.603)	<0.001	0.320	(0.173; 0.468)	<0.001
	Practice	-		-	0.215	(0.186; 0.246)	<0.001
	Time (10-year)	–0.010	(–0.051; 0.031)	0.7629	–0.365	(–0.428; –0.303)	<0.001
	MetS	–0.007	(–0.069; 0.083)	0.852	–0.012	(–0.063; 0.087)	0.751
	MetS over time	–0.078	(–0.141; –0.014)	0.016	–0.087	(–0.150; –0.024)	0.007

Model 1 represents the unadjusted effects of MetS exposure to SDMT z-score.

Model 2 adjusts model 1 for sociodemographic factors (age at cognitive baseline, education, financial strain, and site–race/ethnicity).

Model 3 adjusts model 2 for time-variable lifestyle and mood and menopause factors: smoking and alcohol use, nonoccupational physical activity, sleep difficulty, depressive state, anxiety and vasomotor symptoms, menopausal stages/hormone therapy.

The significant effects are highlighted in bold.

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; MetS, metabolic syndrome.