Table 5.
Change in Episodic Memory (East Boston Memory Test, EBMT (31,32), Immediate and Delayed Recall) Over Time in Women With and Without Exposure to Metabolic Syndrome Before Their Cognitive Baseline
| Without Practice Effects | With Practice Effects | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effects | Estimate | (95% CI) | P Value | Estimate | (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Immediate recall: East Boston Memory Test (EBMT) | |||||||
| Model 1 | Intercept | 0.079 | (0.038; 0.119) | <0.001 | 0.008 | (–0.038; 0.053) | 0.784 |
| Practice | - | - | 0.140 | (0.100; 0.181) | <0.001 | ||
| Time (10-year) | 0.077 | (0.032; 0.122) | 0.001 | –0.174 | (–0.261; –0.087) | <0.001 | |
| MetS | –0.106 | (–0.181; -0.031) | 0.006 | –0.101 | (–0.176; –0.026) | 0.008 | |
| MetS over time | 0.047 | (–0.041; 0.135) | 0.297 | 0.044 | (–0.044; 0.132) | 0.330 | |
| Model 2 | Intercept | –0.137 | (–0.244; –0.030) | 0.054 | –0.186 | (–0.295; –0.078) | 0.001 |
| Practice | - | - | 0.091 | (0.050; 0.133) | <0.001 | ||
| Time (10-year) | 0.081 | (0.036; 0.127) | <0.001 | –0.084 | (–0.173; 0.004) | 0.063 | |
| MetS | –0.027 | (–0.198; 0.043) | 0.451 | –0.025 | (–0.096; 0.045) | 0.479 | |
| MetS over time | 0.043 | (–0.045; 0.132) | 0.333 | 0.042 | (–0.046; 0.129) | 0.355 | |
| Model 3 | Intercept | –0.060 | (–0.186; 0.066) | 0.350 | –0.125 | (–0.253; 0.004) | 0.057 |
| Practice | - | - | 0.092 | (0.049; 0.136) | <0.001 | ||
| Time (10-year) | 0.049 | (0.036; 0.127) | 0.242 | –0.089 | (–0.183; 0.004) | 0.062 | |
| MetS | 0.008 | (–0.198; 0.043) | 0.823 | 0.008 | (–0.063; 0.079) | 0.828 | |
| MetS over time | 0.036 | (–0.045; 0.132) | 0.389 | 0.028 | (–0.060; 0.116) | 0.534 | |
| Delayed Recall: East Boston Memory Test | |||||||
| Model 1 | Intercept | 0.080 | (0.039; 0.121) | <0.001 | –0.010 | (–0.056; 0.037) | 0.684 |
| Practice | - | - | 0.177 | (0.135; 0.218) | <0.001 | ||
| Time (10-year) | 0.094 | (0.048; 0.141) | <0.001 | –0.221 | (–0.309; –0.133) | <0.001 | |
| MetS | –0.074 | (–0.150; 0.002) | 0.057 | –0.068 | (–0.143; 0.008) | 0.079 | |
| MetS over time | –0.014 | (–0.104; 0.077) | 0. 767 | –0.016 | (–0.107; 0.074) | 0.722 | |
| Model 2 | Intercept | –0.094 | (–0.203; 0.015) | 0.091 | –0.170 | (–0.281; -0.060) | 0.003 |
| Practice | - | - | 0.133 | (0.091; 0.175) | <0.001 | ||
| Time 10 years | 0.099 | (0.052; 0.142) | <0.001 | –0.143 | (–0.232; –0.053) | 0.002 | |
| MetS | 0.010 | (–0.061; 0.082) | 0.777 | 0.013 | (–0.058; 0.084) | 0.716 | |
| MetS over time | –0.014 | (–0.105; 0.077) | 0.762 | –0.016 | (–0.106; 0.074) | 0.728 | |
| Model 3 | Intercept | 0.028 | (–0.100; 0.156) | 0.669 | –0.072 | (–0.202; 0.058) | 0.275 |
| Practice | - | - | 0.138 | (0.094; 0.182) | <0.001 | ||
| Time (10-year) | 0.068 | (0.009; 0.126) | 0.023 | –0.160 | (–0.255; 0.066) | 0.001 | |
| MetS | 0.033 | (–0.040; 0.105) | 0.374 | 0.035 | (–0.037; 0.107) | 0.335 | |
| MetS over time | –0.012 | (–0.103; 0.079) | 0.791 | –0.015 | (–0.106; 0.075) | 0.740 | |
Model 1 represents the unadjusted effects of MetS exposure to each EBMT z-score.
Model 2 adjusts model 1 for sociodemographic factors (age at cognitive baseline, education, financial strain, and site–race/ethnicity).
Model 3 adjusts model 2 for time-variable lifestyle, mood and menopause factors: smoking and alcohol use, nonoccupational physical activity, sleep difficulty, depressive state, anxiety and vasomotor symptoms, menopausal stages/hormone therapy.
The significant effects are highlighted in bold.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EBMT, East Boston memory test; MetS, metabolic syndrome.