Table 2.
Laboratory measures
| MS (N = 30) | NMS (N = 36) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Free testosterone, pg/mL | 9.1 (6.6, 13.3) | 7.9 (5.5, 10.5) | .12 |
| Total testosterone, ng/dL | 44 (29, 56) | 43 (33, 51) | .67 |
| Free androgen index | 9.6 (7.1, 13.7) | 6.6 (5.2, 9.3) | < .01 |
| SHBG, nmol/L | 14.6 (11.0, 20.1) | 20.0 (13.7, 28.9) | < .01 |
| Estradiol, pg/mL | 50.0 (38.8, 79.8) | 49.0 (38.3, 68.3) | .88 |
| Adiponectin, ng/mL | 5.6 (4.2, 7.1) | 7.0 (5.5, 10.6) | .01 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 147 (133, 166) | 138 (123, 164) | .25 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 36.3 ± 8.8 | 36.7 ± 7.3 | .84 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 82 (66, 95) | 82 (67, 97) | .74 |
| ALT, U/L | 37 (31, 46) | 32 (27, 41) | .02 |
| AST, U/L | 41 (36, 45) | 44 (35, 50) | .99 |
| hs-CRP, mg/dL | 2.2 (0.8, 4.7) | 2.8 (1.0, 7.1) | .44 |
| Glucose metabolism | |||
| HbA1c, % | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | .24 |
| Fasting insulin, µIU/mL | 32 (23, 44) | 21 (15, 29) | < .01 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 91 ± 8 | 88 ± 8 | .07 |
| OGTT 2-h insulin, µIU/mL | 408 (191, 659) | 138 (59, 220) | < .001 |
| Mean OGTT glucose, mg/dL | 137 ± 18 | 121 ± 18 | < .001 |
| Mean OGTT insulin, µIU/mL | 295 (188, 432) | 128 (92, 192) | < .001 |
| Matsuda index | 0.94 (0.62, 1.48) | 1.89 (1.38, 2.61) | < .001 |
| HOMA-IR | 7.6 (4.8, 10.0) | 4.3 (3.2, 5.9) | < .001 |
| TG/HDL | 3.9 (2.7, 5.7) | 2.7 (2.1, 3.6) | < .01 |
| 1/Fasting insulin | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | < .01 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (25%, 75%). P less than .05 is shown in bold and indicates a significant difference on independent samples t tests between the MS and NMS groups.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MS, metabolic syndrome; NMS, non–metabolic syndrome; OSTT, oral sugar tolerance test; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; TG, triglycerides.