Table 1.

Summary table for complex solid and cystic breast cancers

Etiology	Typically arises when a solid mass gradually fills and dilates a lactiferous duct. Occasionally arises when a solid malignant mass secretes mucin/fluid or undergoes necrosis.
Incidence	Complex solid and cystic masses found in approximately 5% of breast ultrasound examinations. Malignant potential of complex solid and cystic masses: between 23 and 31%.
Gender Ratio	Females > Males
Median Age Predilection	Variable based on diagnosis: ○ IDC: 62 ○ DCIS: 74.5 ○ Mucinous: 62.3 ○ IPC: 69.5
Risk Factors	Female gender Family history of breast cancer BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations Early age of menarche Late age of menopause Nulliparity Obesity Caucasian race
Treatment	Surgical excision (mastectomy or breast conservation therapy) Adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy, and/or hormonal therapy
Prognosis	Variable based on the receptor status of the tumor with triple negative carcinoma conferring the worst prognosis and ER+/PR+/HER2− tumors conferring the best prognosis.
Imaging Findings	Ultrasound: a cyst with thick walls (>0.5mm), thick septa (>0.5mm), an intra-cystic mass, or a cyst demonstrating >50% solid components.