Table 3.
Marginal predicted probabilities, prevalence ratios, and prevalence differences comparing elevated depressive symptoms by rural childhood residence using marginal standardization with bootstrapping to estimate standard errors based on parameter estimates from generalized estimating equations with a logit link, clustering by participant, Health and Retirement Study, 1998–2014
| Model 1: Estimate of inequalitya | Model 2: Estimate of inequality accounting for birth region and parental educationb | Model 3 Estimate of inequality accounting for birth region, parental education, and own educationc | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | |
| Rural childhood residence: Prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms | 10.5% (10.0, 10.9) | 9.9% (9.4, 10.3) | 9.2% (8.8, 9.6) |
| Non-rural childhood residence: Prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms | 8.9% (8.5, 9.3) | 9.3% (8.9, 9.7) | 9.8% (9.4, 10.2) |
| Prevalence differencee | 1.6% (1.0, 2.2) | 0.6% (0.04, 1.2) | −0.6% (−1.1, 0.02) |
| Prevalence ratioe | 1.18 (1.11, 1.25) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.00) |
CI, confidence interval
Model 1 is adjusted for age at measure, sex, race, and birth year.
Model 2 is adjusted for age at measure, sex, race, birth year, birth region, and parental education.
Model 3 is adjusted for age at measure, sex, race, birth year, birth region, parental education, and own education.
Prevalence difference and prevalence ratio for elevated depressive symptoms for rural vs. non-rural childhood residence.