TABLE 5.
Psychiatric and Medical Co-Occurring Conditions by Sex in the Combined ASD and ASD-Inclusive Subgroups
| Variable | Males | Females | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, n | 672 | 179 | |
| Neurodevelopmental, n (%) | |||
| ADHD | 200 (29.8) | 52 (29.1) | .815 |
| Intellectual disability | 129 (19.2) | 29 (16.2) | .398 |
| Any neurodevelopmental | 295 (43.9) | 69 (38.5) | .229 |
| Psychiatric, n (%) | |||
| Eating disorder | 22 (3.3) | 8 (4.5) | .424 |
| Bipolar disorder | 31 (4.6) | 5 (2.8) | .292 |
| Depression | 83 (12.4) | 28 (15.6) | .196 |
| Anxiety disorder | 214 (31.8) | 59 (33.0) | .918 |
| OCD | 74 (11.0) | 20 (11.2) | .962 |
| ODD | 54 (8.0) | 15 (8.4) | .845 |
| CD | 24 (3.6) | 2 (1.1) | .093 |
| Any psychiatric | 269 (40.0) | 71 (39.6) | .888 |
| Neurological, n (%) | |||
| Epilepsy | 26 (3.9) | 11 (6.1) | .185 |
| Seizures | 75 (11.2) | 17 (9.5) | .524 |
| Tics | 169 (25.2) | 33 (18.4) | .061 |
| Migraines | 70 (10.4) | 22 (12.3) | .473 |
| General medical, n (%) | |||
| Vision or hearing problems | 286 (42.6) | 88 (49.2) | .114 |
| Skin problems | 211 (31.4) | 45 (25.1) | .105 |
| Sleep problems | 319 (47.5) | 88 (49.2) | .687 |
| GI problems | 256 (38.1) | 54 (30.2) | .050 |
| Feeding problems | 177 (26.4) | 38 (21.3) | .162 |
| Allergies | 315 (46.9) | 83 (46.4) | .904 |
| Any general medical | 572 (85.1) | 148 (82.7) | .422 |
| Other behavioral, n (%) | |||
| Self-injury | 52 (7.7) | 20 (11.2) | .137 |
| Sensory processing problems | 154 (22.9) | 38 (21.2) | .702 |
| Any other behavioral | 184 (27.4) | 49 (27.4) | .999 |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CD, conduct disorder; GI, gastrointestinal; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder.
a
P values for overall tests are reported.