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. 2020 Mar 6;10:4258. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61157-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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AMP expression levels in TmRelish-knockdown Tenebrio molitor larval hemocytes upon Escherichia coli (Ec), Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), and Candida albicans (Ca) infection on the third day post-TmRelish silencing. The AMP genes used for analysis include TmTenecin-1 (A), TmTenecin-2 (B), TmTenecin-3 (C), TmTenecin-4 (D), TmDefensin-1 (E), TmDefensin 2 (F), TmCecropin-2 (G), TmColeoptericin-1 (H), TmColeoptericin-2 (I), TmAttacin-1a (J), TmAttacin-1b (K), TmAttacin-2 (L), TmThaumatin-like protein1 (M), and TmThaumatin like protein2 (N). dsEGFP was used as a negative control and TmL27a was used as an internal control. Numbers above the bars indicate AMP mRNA expression levels. All experiments were repeated thrice with similar results. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-tests (p < 0.05) and ns: not significant.