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. 2020 Mar 6;10:4258. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61157-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression levels of AMPs in TmRelish-silenced Tenebrio molitor Malpighian tubules upon Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans infection. qRT-PCR expression profiles of TmTenecin-1 (A), TmTenecin-2 (B), TmTenecin-3 (C), TmTenecin-4 (D), TmDefensin-1 (E), TmDefensin-2 (F), TmCecropin-2 (G), TmColeoptericin-1 (H), TmColeoptericin-2 (I), TmAttacin-1a (J), TmAttacin-1b (K), TmAttacin-2 (L), TmThaumatin like protein-1 (M), and TmThaumatin like protein-2 (N). dsEGFP was used as the negative control and TmL27a was used as an internal control. All experiments were performed at least thrice, and statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-tests (p < 0.05); ns: not significant.