A list of some cell-based, tissue engineered autologous chondrocyte therapies which are either on the market, were reluctant to reach the market or were withdrawn (Huang et al. 2016; Atilla et al. 2018)
| Product proprietary name | Active composition | Current regulatory status |
|---|---|---|
| Biocart II | Autologous chondrocytes (passage number unknown) | No progress after Phase II clinical studies |
| Bioseed-C | Autologous chondrocytes (passage number unknown) | Open to access only in some European countries |
| Cartipatch | Autologous chondrocytes (up to passage 3) | Phase III clinical studies ceased |
| Chondrosphere | Autologous chondrocytes (passage number unknown) | Phase III clinical studies expected to finish in 2020 |
| Hyalograft C | Autologous chondrocytes (up to passage 3) | Withdrawn from the market |
| MACI | Autologous chondrocytes (passages 1-3) | Too high price margin, manufacturing plant shut down due to reluctancy in the cover of expenditures |
| NeoCart | Autologous chondrocytes (passage number unknown) | Phase III clinical studies completed in 2017 |
| NOVOCART 3D | Autologous chondrocytes (passage 1) | Phase III clinical studies expected to finish in 2019 |
| RevaFlex | Allogeneic, juvenile chondrocytes (passage number unknown) | Phase III clinical studies expected to finish in 2019 |
| CaReS | Autologous chondrocytes (primary culture) | Delivered to Turkey, Iran and China but no access due to the high price margin |
| INSTRUCT | Autologous chondrocytes (primary culture) + bone marrow cells | Phase II clinical studies completed in 2014 |
| ChondroCelect | Autologous chondrocytes containing specific marker proteins | Withdrawn from the market upon request of the authorization holder |
| Spherox | Autologous chondrocyte spheroids | On the market |