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. 2020 Mar 6;11:1245. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15078-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Surface potential distribution of PEA15-SCN/PCBM and PEA15-SCN/ICBA from SKPM measurement. The insert images are AFM topography images for the corresponding samples. b The schematic diagrams of interface recombination for the two samples. c Time-resolved photoluminescence kinetics at 840 nm for the ITO/PEDOT/perovskite/ETL films after encapsulation. d Electroluminescence spectra of perovskite films under bias voltage of 2 V. e The density of states in the bandgap calculated from TPV and TPC. f V_OC versus illumination intensity for the devices.