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. 2020 Mar 6;10:4181. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60506-4

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© HZG 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Activation of monocytes and macrophages assessed via CD80 expression; Histograms of CD80 expression in (a) monocytes and (b) macrophages transfected with modified (dashed lines) and non-modified mRNA (solid line) using LipoMM, ViroR, and ScrF. (c) Mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD80 normalized to untransfected cells in monocytes transfected with non-modified mRNA using three transfection reagents. CD80 expression in monocytes transfected with either modified or non-modified mRNA using LipoMM, ViroR, and ScrF (d). The same assessment performed for macrophages to compare activation caused by three transfection methods (e), or modified versus non-modified mRNA transfected by LipoMM, ViroR and ScrF (f). Values for no mRNA (0 ng/well) refer to untransfected cells throughout. “Activated” refers to cells treated with LPS (2 µg·mL⁻¹) and IFN-γ (10 ng·mL⁻¹) for 24 h. Statistical differences in activation levels are depicted with + for ViroR vs. ScrF. ⁺p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Values are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3. Error bars indicate SD.