Table 2.

Parameters associated with the glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78) levels in the aqueous humor of center-involving diabetic macular edema patients in univariate and multivariate regression analyses.

		Univariate∗		Stepwise backward∗†
		B ± SE	p value	B ± SE	p value
Systemic factors	HbA1c (%)	0.58 ± 0.36	0.112
	Duration of diabetes (years)	0.07 ± 0.05	0.107	0.12 ± 0.04	0.002
OCT findings	Preoperative CST (μm)	0.00 ± 0.00	0.828
	Length of EZ disruption (μm)	0.01 ± 0.00	<0.001	0.01 ± 0.00	<0.001
	Number of HF	0.18 ± 0.06	0.006	0.11 ± 0.06	0.059
Aqueous humor components	IL-1β level (pg/mL)	−0.04 ± 0.21	0.855
	IL-8 level (pg/mL)	0.02 ± 0.02	0.3584
	IL-10 level (pg/mL)	−0.03 ± 0.54	0.953
	IL-17 level (pg/mL)	0.19 ± 0.18	0.277
	PlGF level (pg/mL)	0.04 ± 0.12	0.738
	VEGF level (pg/mL)	0.01 ± 0.01	0.032	0.01 ± 0.00	0.007

B: estimated regression coefficient; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; OCT: optical coherence tomography; CST: central subfield thickness; EZ: ellipsoid zone; HF: hyperreflective foci; IL: interleukin; PlGF: placental growth factor; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. ^∗Adjusted for age, sex, and diabetic retinopathy stage. ^†Adjusted R² = 0.439.