Table 1. Ocular and Systemic Parameters in the Ural Eye and Medical Study Participants.
| Parameter | Myopic Maculopathy, No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Stage 4 | |
| No. of patients | 5720 | 47 | 14 | 13 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 58.9 (10.6) | 61.9 (11.8) | 60.1 (12.0) | 66.9 (10.5) |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 2489 (43.5) | 17 (36.2) | 6 (42.9) | 5 (38.5) |
| Women | 3231 (56.5) | 30 (63.8) | 8 (57.1) | 8 (61.5) |
| Region of habitation | ||||
| Rural | 3329 (58.2) | 23 (48.9) | 8 (57.1) | 5 (38.5) |
| Urban | 2391 (41.8) | 24 (51.1) | 6 (42.9) | 8 (61.5) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Russian | 1140 (21.7) | 15 (32.6) | 7 (50.0) | 4 (33.3) |
| Non-Russian | 4111 (78.3) | 31 (67.4) | 7 (50.0) | 8 (66.7) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Yes | 1235 (21.6) | 4 (8.5) | 0 | 2 (15.4) |
| No | 4483 (78.4) | 43 (91.5) | 14 (100) | 11 (84.6) |
| History of neck pain | ||||
| Yes | 1539 (29.3) | 8 (17.4) | 1 (7.1) | 3 (25.0) |
| No | 3712 (70.7) | 38 (82.6) | 13 (92.9) | 9 (75.0) |
| History of falls | ||||
| Yes | 1067 (18.7) | 15 (31.9) | 3 (21.4) | 3 (23.1) |
| No | 4649 (81.3) | 32 (68.1) | 11 (78.6) | 10 (76.9) |
| Serum creatinine concentration, mean (SD), mg/dL | 1.02 (0.28) | 0.94 (0.23) | 0.99 (0.21) | 0.96 (0.20) |
| Arterial hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 4832 (84.5) | 44 (93.6) | 13 (92.9) | 13 (100) |
| No | 886 (15.5) | 3 (6.4) | 1 (7.1) | 0 |
| Dynamometric hand force, mean (SD), dekaNewton | 30.6 (11.7) | 28.7 (11.8) | 28.3 (7.7) | 24.9 (12.1) |
| Axial length, mean (SD), mm | 23.3 (1.0) | 26.3 (1.8) | 27.3 (2.1) | 27.9 (2.3) |
| Refractive error, mean (SD), Da | 0.37 (2.10) | −6.1 (5.0) | −14.9 (6.5) | −9.8 (5.7) |
| Cylindrical refractive error, mean (SD), D | −0.73 (0.76) | −1.61 (1.18) | 1.67 (1.27) | 2.04 (1.37) |
| Cornea refractive power, mean (SD), D | 43.9 (1.6) | 42.9 (3.0) | 44.4 (2.4) | 43.6 (1.1) |
| Anterior chamber depth, mean (SD), mma | 3.14 (0.37) | 3.33 (0.33) | 3.47 (0.19) | 3.90 (1.00) |
| Cortical cataract, prevalencea | ||||
| Yes | 719 (14.4) | 5 (15.2) | 0 | 6 (75.0) |
| No | 4264 (85.6) | 28 (84.8) | 11 (100) | 2 (25.0) |
| Fundus tessellation, macular region, mean (SD)b | 0.59 (0.84) | 2.42 (0.92) | 2.67 (0.65) | 1.91 (1.38) |
| Retinal thickness 300 μm temporal to the fovea, mean (SD), μm | 256 (40) | 272 (62) | 257 (73) | 212 (147) |
| Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, mean (SD), μm | 114 (18) | 85 (23) | 76 (24) | 63 (23) |
| Open-angle glaucoma, prevalence | ||||
| Yes | 131 (2.4) | 5 (10.9) | 1 (7.7) | 3 (27.3) |
| No | 5276 (97.6) | 41 (89.1) | 12 (92.3) | 8 (72.7) |
Abbreviation: D, diopter.
SI conversion factor: To convert serum creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4.
a
With pseudophakic eyes excluded.
b
Fundus tessellation was differentiated between grade 0 (no tessellation) and grade 3 (marked tessellation).