Table 1.

Herpesvirus lncRNAs

Virus and LncRNA Designation	Herpesvirus group	Acryonym	Transcript Size kb	Proposed functions	References
Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) Latency Associated Transcripts	Alpha	LATs	8.3 6.3 2.0 1.5 + other species	Multiple controversial roles in virus reactivation efficiency, latency establishment, miRNA precursor	[2, 3]
Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) Latency Associated Transcripts and MDV small RNAs	Alpha	LATs/MSRs	10 2.2 1.8 1.5 0.5 2.7	Antisense to ICP4	[4, 5]
Human Cytomegalovirus (hCMV) noncoding RNAs	Beta	RNA5.0 RNA4.9 RNA2.7 RNA1.2	5 4.9 2.7 1.2	Abundant, anti-apoptosis (2.7); interaction with cellular repressors (4.9)	[6–9]
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) BamHI-A rightward transcripts	Gamma	BARTs	Multiple species 4–8	Abundant, miRNA precursor	[10–12]
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Virus (KSHV) Polyadenylated Nuclear RNA	Gamma	PAN RNA	1.1	Facilitates viral late gene expression via nuclear RNA export; interaction with cellular epigenetic modifiers; interaction with viral latency protein	[13–18]
KSHV Antisense to latency transcript	Gamma	ALT	10	Unknown, Antisense to latency associated transcripts	[19, 20]
KSHV Transcript 3.0 KSHV Transcript 1.2	Gamma	T3.0 T1.2	3.0 1.2	Unknown, both transcripts antisense to ORF50 but not inhibitors of K-Rta expression, may encode small viral peptides	[21]
KSHV Transcript 1.4	Gamma	T1.4	1.4	Important for lytic DNA replication	[22, 23]
Rhesus Rhadinovirus (RRV) Polyadenylated Nuclear RNA	Gamma	RRV PAN RNA	1.3	Nuclear RNA export; can complement KSHV PAN RNA mutant	[18, 24]
Equine Herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) Polyadenylated Nuclear RNA	Gamma	EHV-2 PAN RNA	1.9	Unknown; putative PAN RNA homolog with sequence homology to KSHV PAN expression and nuclear retention element (ENE)	[24]
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV4) L1.7 RNA	Gamma	L1.7 RNA	1.5	Unknown, abundant, non-coding cytoplasmic RNA, some features similar to other PAN RNAs but has no ENE	[24, 25]