Table 1.

Thresholds/ cut points in elements relevant to expected performance (Bolded measures indicate the way that the Fried frailty phenotype attributes were calculated)

Frailty measures	Calculation	Threshold for poor performance (referenced for published norms)
Walking speed	Six Minute Walk Test [38]	>80th% distribution of differences between predicted and actual 6MWT [38]
Grip strength	Dominant hand grip strength measured in sitting [39, 40]	< 10th% age-gender norms [40]
Self-reports of unintentional weight loss	Yes/ No	Yes (1)
Self-reported physical activity [36]	Accumulate 150 to 300 min (2 ½ to 5 h) of moderate intensity physical activity, or 75 to 150 min (1 ¼ to 2 ½ hours) of vigorous intensity physical activity, or an equivalent combination of both moderate and vigorous activities, each week.	1 = Less than median recommended time per week spent walking, and no moderate or vigorous activity [36]
K10_tiredness score (Q. 1) [37]	Single response item scored 1–5, with 1 = none; 5 = all of the time	4 or 5 [37]
Modified Functional Movement Screen (FMS) elements (0–3, with 0 being pain precluding activity, 1 being unable to attempt test, 2 being partial attempt; 3 successfullycompleted test) [31, 41]	Sum of scores for deep squat, hurdle step, in line floor lunge, opposite side arm / leg extension in four-point kneeling	≤12
Capacity to walk a flight of stairs [38]	Self-report Yes / No	No (0) [38]
GPCog [42]	Summed scores	≤8 [42]
BMI [43]	Underweight	≤18 [43]
BMI [43]	Overweight / obese	≥26 [43]
Lean muscle mass [44]	Calculated for males as 0.407* weight (kgs) + 0.267* height (cms)- 19.2; and for females as 0.252* weight (kgs) + 0.473* height (cms)- 48.3 [44]	≤24.5 [44]
Chronic health conditions	Total number of current chronic conditions	≥1
Health concerns	Any	1
Pain	Any pain * length of time suffered (years)	≥2
Total nutrition score [35]	Sum of (Yes scores to daily consumption of 5+ serves vegetables; 2+ serves fruit; mostly eat wholegrain or alternative grains; one serve day meat or alternatives; 2 serves dairy, limited intake of sugary drinks, processed foods and takeaways)	≤6
Water intake [35]	Not answering ‘plenty’	0 [35]
Modified K10 [37]	Total score minus exhaustion component (Question 1)	≥12
Health concerns	Any	1
Continence concerns [33] (score 1 for each reported problem * degree of bother) [bother scored 1 = not at all to 5 = a lot]	Total score of urge incontinence, stress incontinence, frequency, problems emptying bladder, urinary leakage, discomfort, bulging pelvic floor, faecal incontinence	≥3
Unplanned health service use in past 12 months	Sum of number of unplanned hospitalisations, Emergency Department contacts	> 1
Living status	Alone	1
Total sleep quality score (PSQI) [34]	Summed scores	≥8 [34]
Near miss falls in last 6 months and/or falls in the last 6 months	yes, no	1 = yes (any)
Balance for 5 s (eyes open, standing on R or L leg) [45]	5 s is compliant for each leg (summed for Right + Left leg)	1 is < 10 s [45]
Balance for 5 s (eyes closed, standing on R or L leg) [45]	5 s is compliant for each leg (summed for Right + Left leg)	1 is < 10 s [45]