Table 3.

Study 4: Multilevel OLS regressions predicting assertiveness

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
Fixed effects
Intercept	5.81***	(0.06)	5.94***	(0.24)	5.95***	(0.26)
White (reference category)
EA	−0.42***	(0.04)	−0.41***	(0.04)	−0.35***	(0.04)
SA	−0.08	(0.05)	−0.10	(0.05)	−0.04	(0.05)
Age			−0.02*	(0.01)	−0.01*	(0.01)
Male			0.17***	(0.03)	0.13***	(0.04)
US born			−0.06	(0.04)	−0.03	(0.04)
SES			0.03*	(0.01)	0.03*	(0.01)
Openness to experience					−0.00	(0.02)
Conscientiousness					−0.02	(0.02)
Extraversion					0.07***	(0.01)
Agreeableness					−0.08***	(0.01)
Emotional stability					0.03*	(0.01)
Random effects
Intercept	0.01	(0.11)	0.01	(0.11)	0.01	(0.11)
Akaike information criterion	2,093.46		2,087.86		2,029.66
Bayesian information criterion	2,118.91		2,133.66		2,100.77
Log likelihood	−1,041.73		−1,034.93		−1,000.83
${\text{Ω}}_0^2$	0.11		0.14		0.19

Note. Unstandardized regression coefficients are displayed, with SEs in parentheses. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.001. ${\text{Ω}}_0^2$ represents generalized R² for linear mixed-effect models (63).