Table 3.

Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in recently-diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and individuals with normal glucose tolerance

Variable	CON	T2D	P
Fasting plasma insulin, pmol/L	50 [39; 87]	77 [61; 132]	0.122
Fasting plasma FFA, µmol/L	480 [376; 576]	497 [420; 710]	0.511
Clamp plasma insulin, pmol/L	972 [845; 1083]	788 [674; 1046]	0.198
Clamp plasma FFA, µmol/L§	34 [24; 46]	54 [43; 97]	<0.01
Indices of adipose tissue insulin resistance and sensitivity
Adipo IR basal [(mmol/L) *(pmol/L)]	24 [16; 35]	34 [29; 53]	<0.05
Adipo IR clamp [(mmol/L) *(pmol/L)]	32 [22; 47]	51 [32; 82]	<0.05
FFA suppression, % from fasting§	93 [87; 94]	85 [81; 89]	<0.05

Data are shown as median [first; third quartile], P values were computed via 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test and ANCOVA adjusted for age, BMI, and total body fat. The Adipo IR was calculated as the product of the fasting plasma FFA and insulin levels as well as the product of the plasma FFA and insulin levels during the clamp and reflects adipose tissue insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue was assessed by suppression of the plasma concentrations of FFA during the clamp expressed as percent of FFA suppression from baseline and calculated as 1 – (average FFA during steady-state / baseline FFA). All variables were assessed in n = 14 T2D and n = 14 CON participants. Abbreviations: Adipo IR, adipose tissue insulin resistance index; CON, controls (individuals with normal glucose tolerance); FFA, free fatty acids; T2D, type 2 diabetes. §Results are still significant after adjustment for age BMI and body fat.