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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Res. 2020 Jan 21;1732:146673. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146673

Figure 2. Representative neocortical spreading depression responses from KCl stimulation.

Figure 2.

Records show typical large extracellular voltage deflections of spreading depression. Intranasal administration of IGF-1 (or vehicle) was delivered. Twenty-four hours later, neocortical spreading depression was induced every 10 minutes for 90 minutes via pressurized episodic micro-injections of nl quantities of 0.5 M KCl into the rostral neocortex with confirmation of spreading depression established via electrophysiological microelectrode recordings from caudal neocortex. Representative neocortical spreading depression slow electrical changes are shown. 10 mV scale bar is negative down. Immediately after spreading depression stimulation, tissues were harvested for determination of the degree of trigeminal system activation in the trigeminal ganglion and trigeminocervical complex.