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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Res. 2020 Jan 21;1732:146673. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146673

Figure 4. Intranasal treatment with IGF-1 did not cause hypoglycemia.

Figure 4.

Serum glucose was measured in non-fasted rats under brief isoflurane anesthesia after intranasal delivery of vehicle (red) or IGF-1 (black) compared to immediately before treatments (light gray). As expected, glucose rose at the conclusion of intranasal treatments due to continued isoflurane exposure. However, no significant differences were seen between treatment pairs (t-test) or 0 time (light gray) versus other values when compared via ANOVA plus post hoc Holm-Sidak except at the 0.3 hour point (***p < 0.001). The lowest IGF-1 glucose-related level seen was 119 mg/dl [compared to control (128 mg/dl; time 0)], which is within the normal range for Wistar rats [85–132 mg/dl (Kohn and Clifford, 2002)]. Dotted lines show normal glucose range. While the glucose level that defines hypoglycemia is variable, a drop of 1 mM is not considered hypoglycemic. Furthermore, no IGF-1 glucose level was hypoglycemic. Results shown as mean ± SEM.