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The pick-up rate of PFO-RLS among cTCD, cTTE, and cTEE.
| Test method | At baseline | Valsalva maneuver |
|---|---|---|
| cTCD | 62 (60.78%) | 100 (98.04%) |
| cTTE | 43 (42.16%) | 91 (89.22%)† |
| cTEE | 48 (47.06%) | 98 (96.08%)∗ |
PFO: patent foramen ovale; RLS: right-to-left shunt; cTCD: contrast transcranial Doppler; cTTE: contrast transthoracic echocardiography; cTEE: contrast transesophageal echocardiography. †p < 0.05 compared with cTCD. ∗p > 0.05 compared with cTCD.
