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The semiquantitative grading of the shunt using 3 techniques.
| Grade ∗ | cTCD | cTTE | cTEE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | 2 | 11 | 4 |
| Mild | 4 | 4 | 23 |
| Moderate | 7 | 11 | 44 |
| Severe | 89 | 76 | 31 |
cTCD: contrast transcranial Doppler; cTTE: contrast transthoracic echocardiography; cTEE: contrast transesophageal echocardiography. ∗See text for definition.
