Table 2.

Differences in the evaluation of pain, circumference, and range of motion between the PEMF and control groups during the study.

		PEMF group (n = 27)	Control group (n = 25)	p between groups
Pain VAS (mm)	Before	6.2 ± 2.00	7.1 ± 1.88	0.0956
	After 3 weeks	2.1 ± 1.41	3.5 ± 1.71	0.0052
	p value I vs. II	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
	After 6 weeks	0.2 ± 0.42	2.7 ± 2.15	<0.0001
	p value I vs. III	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
Circumference of forearm (cm)	Before	25.8 ± 2.46	25.9 ± 1.89	0.9198
	After 3 weeks	24.7 ± 2.39	24.2 ± 1.94	0.5097
	p value I vs. II	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
	After 6 weeks	23.9 ± 2.31	22.9 ± 1.95	0.1285
	p value I vs. III	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
Circumference of shoulder (cm)	Before	28.1 ± 2.54	28.9 ± 3.51	0.4582
	After 3 weeks	26.9 ± 2.52	27.6 ± 3.34	0.5097
	p value I vs. II	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
	After 6 weeks	26.4 ± 2.36	26.8 ± 3.41	0.7486
	p value I vs. III	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
Range of motion (°) shoulder flexion	Before	151.8 ± 18.96	146.4 ± 17.32	0.1331
	After 3 weeks	162.1 ± 12.78	156.6 ± 13.87	0.0280
	p value I vs. II	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
	After 6 weeks	167.5 ± 6.42	162.0 ± 9.43	0.0034
	p value I vs. III
Shoulder extension	Before	39.6 ± 5.23	37.8 ± 6.03	0.1935
	After 3 weeks	47.7 ± 3.11	42.6 ± 5.19	0.0004
	p value I vs. II	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
	After 6 weeks	49.7 ± 0.81	45.8 ± 4.29	0.0004
	p value I vs. III	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
Shoulder abduction	Before	149.9 ± 18.21	142.3 ± 14.12	0.0727
	After 3 weeks	164.5 ± 8.19	153.6 ± 12.7	0.0015
	p value I vs. II	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
	After 6 weeks	168.4 ± 3.72	159.5 ± 10.01	0.0002
	p value I vs. III	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
Elbow flexion	Before	116.1 ± 14.10	111.2 ± 8.55	0.2198
	After 3 weeks	129.8 ± 14.10	122.8 ± 7.43	0.0115
	p value I vs. II	p < 0.01	p < 0.01
	After 6 weeks	141.6 ± 7.19	132.1 ± 8.24	0.0001
	p value I vs. III	p < 0.01	p < 0.01

PEMF: pulsed electromagnetic fields; VAS : Visual Analogue Scale.