Table 1.
Characteristics of e-cigarette exposure cases overall and by year, United States, 2010–2018.
| Number (%) of e-cigarette exposure cases | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | ||
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 17,358) | (n = 57) | (n = 237) | (n = 415) | (n = 1435) | (n = 3742) | (n = 3500) | (n = 2751) | (n = 2320) | (n = 2901) |
| Age (Year) | ||||||||||
| < 5 | 11,250 (64.8) | 13 (22.8) | 79 (33.3) | 168 (40.5) | 786 (54.8) | 2266 (60.6) | 2485 (71.0) | 2015 (73.3) | 1602 (69.1) | 1835 (63.3) |
| 5–11 | 525 (3.0) | 1 (1.8) | 4 (1.7) | 14 (3.4) | 38 (2.7) | 124 (3.3) | 81 (2.3) | 68 (2.5) | 98 (4.2) | 97 (3.3) |
| 12–17 | 596 (3.4) | 2 (3.5) | 4 (1.7) | 5 (1.2) | 36 (2.5) | 91 (2.4) | 106 (3.0) | 67 (2.4) | 101 (4.4) | 184 (6.3) |
| 18–24 | 1,443 (8.3) | 17 (29.8) | 27 (11.4) | 46 (11.1) | 148 (10.3) | 337 (9.0) | 221 (6.3) | 160 (5.8) | 181 (7.8) | 306 (10.6) |
| 25+ | 2667 (15.4) | 22 (38.6) | 102 (43.0) | 135 (32.5) | 321 (22.4) | 691 (18.5) | 459 (13.1) | 342 (12.4) | 250 (10.8) | 345 (11.9) |
| Missing | 877 (5.1) | 2 (3.5) | 21 (8.9) | 47 (11.3) | 106 (7.4) | 233 (6.2) | 148 (4.2) | 99 (3.6) | 87 (3.8) | 134 (4.6) |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Female | 7648 (44.1) | 23 (40.4) | 124 (52.3) | 201 (48.4) | 654 (45.6) | 1691 (45.2) | 1536 (43.9) | 1202 (43.7) | 984 (42.4) | 1233 (42.5) |
| Male | 9631 (55.5) | 34 (59.7) | 113 (47.7) | 213 (51.3) | 771 (53.7) | 2034 (54.4) | 1957 (55.9) | 1534 (55.8) | 1319 (56.9) | 1656 (57.1) |
| Unknown | 79 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 10 (0.7) | 17 (0.5) | 7 (0.2) | 15 (0.6) | 17 (0.7) | 12 (0.4) |
| Route of Exposurea | ||||||||||
| Ingestion | 13,456 (77.5) | 32 (56.1) | 162 (68.4) | 250 (60.2) | 1041 (72.5) | 2797 (74.8) | 2834 (81.0) | 2252 (81.9) | 1866 (80.4) | 2223 (76.6) |
| Dermal | 2258 (13.0) | 5 (8.8) | 20 (8.4) | 34 (8.2) | 162 (11.3) | 555 (14.8) | 436 (12.5) | 395 (14.4) | 285 (12.3) | 365 (12.6) |
| Inhalation/Nasal | 1807 (10.4) | 20 (35.1) | 45 (19.0) | 117 (28.2) | 195 (13.6) | 326 (8.7) | 223 (6.4) | 200 (7.3) | 246 (10.6) | 435 (15.0) |
| Ocular | 1232 (7.1) | 2 (3.5) | 22 (9.3) | 34 (8.2) | 129 (9.0) | 389 (10.4) | 261 (7.5) | 162 (5.9) | 120 (5.2) | 113 (3.9) |
| Other | 60 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.5) | 3 (0.2) | 14 (0.4) | 14 (0.4) | 7 (0.3) | 4 (0.2) | 14 (0.5) |
| Unknown | 31 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 9 (0.2) | 5 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) | 7 (0.2) |
| Caller Site | ||||||||||
| Health Care Facility (HCF) | 2649 (15.3) | 6 (10.5) | 22 (9.3) | 51 (12.3) | 181 (12.6) | 561 (15.0) | 623 (17.8) | 452 (16.4) | 380 (16.4) | 373 (12.9) |
| Residence | 13,319 (76.7) | 44 (77.2) | 199 (84.0) | 341 (82.2) | 1146 (79.9) | 2895 (77.4) | 2600 (74.3) | 2091 (76.0) | 1728 (74.5) | 2275 (78.4) |
| School or Workplace | 227 (1.3) | 2 (3.5) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.7) | 19 (1.3) | 54 (1.4) | 42 (1.2) | 23 (0.8) | 36 (1.6) | 47 (1.6) |
| Public Area or Restaurant | 72 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.5) | 4 (0.3) | 12 (0.3) | 17 (0.5) | 9 (0.3) | 12 (0.5) | 15 (0.5) |
| Unknown | 70 (0.4) | 0 (0.0 | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.5) | 6 (0.4) | 8 (0.2) | 9 (0.3) | 11 (0.4) | 11 (0.5) | 22 (0.8) |
| Other | 1021 (5.9) | 5 (8.8) | 13 (5.5) | 16 (3.9) | 79 (5.5) | 212 (5.7) | 209 (6.0) | 165 (6.0) | 153 (6.6) | 169 (5.8) |
| Exposure Site | ||||||||||
| Health Care Facility | 11 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 0 | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.0) |
| Residence | 16,567 (95.4) | 52 (91.2) | 230 (97.1) | 399 (96.1) | 1371 (95.5) | 3581 (95.7) | 3374 (96.4) | 2644 (96.1) | 2192 (94.5) | 2724 (93.9) |
| School or Workplace | 332 (1.9) | 2 (3.5) | 1 (0.4) | 4 (1.0) | 28 (2.0) | 73 (2.0) | 56 (1.6) | 28 (1.0) | 63 (2.7) | 77 (2.7) |
| Public area or Restaurant | 121 (0.7) | 0 | 2 (0.8) | 1 (0.2) | 11 (0.8) | 23 (0.6) | 22 (0.6) | 17 (0.6) | 21 (0.9) | 24 (0.8) |
| Unknown | 132 (0.8) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (0.8) | 7 (1.7) | 10 (0.7) | 16 (0.4) | 19 (0.5) | 22 (0.8) | 18 (0.8) | 37 (1.3) |
| Other | 195 (1.1) | 2 (3.5) | 2 (0.8) | 4 (1.0) | 15 (1.1) | 46 (1.2) | 24 (0.7) | 40 (1.5) | 24 (1.0) | 38 (1.3) |
| Level of Care at Health Care Facility | ||||||||||
| Admitted to Critical Care Unit | 99 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.5) | 8 (0.6) | 24 (0.6) | 13 (0.4) | 20 (0.7) | 15 (0.7) | 13 (0.5) |
| Admitted to Noncritical Care Unit | 130 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | 9 (0.6) | 31 (0.8) | 36 (1.0) | 21 (0.8) | 13 (0.6) | 18 (0.6) |
| Admitted to Psychiatric Facility | 54 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 11 (0.3) | 12 (0.3) | 8 (0.3) | 13 (0.6) | 7 (0.2) |
| Lost to FU or Left AMA1 | 1079 (6.2) | 4 (7.0) | 10 (4.2) | 19 (4.6) | 63 (4.3) | 229 (6.1) | 208 (5.9) | 173 (6.3) | 176 (7.6) | 198 (6.8) |
| Treated, Evaluated, and Released | 4752 (27.4) | 9 (15.8) | 38 (16.0) | 73 (17.6) | 327 (22.8) | 1033 (27.6) | 1144 (32.7) | 819 (29.8) | 647 (27.9) | 662 (22.8) |
| Refused Referral or Did Not Arrive at HCF | 679 (3.9) | 1 (1.8) | 16 (6.8) | 10 (2.4) | 41 (2.9) | 144 (3.9) | 140 (4.0) | 125 (4.5) | 78 (3.4) | 124 (4.3) |
| Not Referred to a HCF | 10,565 (60.9) | 43 (75.4) | 171 (72.2) | 305 (73.5) | 987 (68.8) | 2270 (60.7) | 1947 (55.6) | 1585 (57.6) | 1378 (59.4) | 1879 (17.8) |
| Medical Outcome | ||||||||||
| No effect | 6068 (35.0) | 12 (21.1) | 49 (20.7) | 85 (20.5) | 367 (25.6) | 1235 (33.0) | 1406 (40.2) | 1113 (40.5) | 855 (36.9) | 946 (32.6) |
| Minor effect | 3918 (22.6) | 15 (26.3) | 55 (23.2) | 105 (25.3) | 422 (29.4) | 944 (25.2) | 780 (22.3) | 563 (20.5) | 481 (20.7) | 553 (19.1) |
| Moderate effect | 578 (3.3) | 6 (10.5) | 14 (5.9) | 20 (4.8) | 47 (3.3) | 122 (3.3) | 103 (2.9) | 87 (3.2) | 77 (3.3) | 102 (5.5) |
| Major effect | 24 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 7 (0.3) | 4 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) |
| Death | 2 (0.01) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Not followed or unable to follow | 6768 (39.0) | 24 (42.1) | 119 (50.2) | 203 (48.9) | 597 (41.6) | 1438 (38.4) | 1206 (34.5) | 981 (35.7) | 903 (38.9) | 1297 (44.7) |
FU: Follow-up; AMA: Against medical advice
a
Each case could have more than one clinical effect. Percentage total would not sum to 100%.